Mrs Fields Cookies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mrs Fields Cookies - Case Study Example The company did not enjoy its present status from its advent; it gained its sound reputation and name with uninterrupted hard work and successful innovatory ideas. It can be regarded among triumphant companies in the European region because of its steady success. Initially Debbi was adamant in terms of keeping all the authority to herself, however, with the passage of time, she realized that her business could not expand with her stubborn autocracy of keeping all the control in her hand (Cash and Ostrofsky 4). After this consideration, she delegated her authority for a profitable business empire. Acquiring LPB was in the interest of business. The acquirement and introduction of combination stores initially proved to be disadvantageous. However, the company feels that in the future, these combination stores will prove to be beneficial. The information systems implemented by the company are also going to be profitable for the company and its affiliated company, LPB. Interest in the Acq uisition of La Petite Boulangerie (LPB) Fields after showing interest in the acquisition of LPB, a chain of 119 French stores of Bakery/Sandwich acquired it, after which, the first step that they took was expelling fifty people from their jobs. Out of fifty-three staff members, only three were left, two in operations and one in R & D (Cash and Ostrofsky 9). According to Randy, there were many overhead functions running in LBP due to which, extra people were employed, which resulted in extra costs for the management and depreciated the profit of the company (Cash and Ostrofsky 9). Debbi and Randy believed in minimized hierarchal structure due to which, they showed little value for massive structures being organized by complex hierarchy managed all over the company. It was this thought due to which, fifty people being employed in LPB lost their jobs after affiliation of LPB with Mrs Fields Cookies. The step of expelling fifty people out of fifty-three is a major step that was required to be well-thought of as the expelled people can create problems for the new administration. As store manager of LPB, I would have revolted against this administrative step as if the management can expel such a large number of people from their jobs, they are able to think for such steps in future as well due to which, the future employees and their jobs are also in danger. There should be job security and the administration of Mrs Fields Cookies should have arranged for substituted jobs for the employees of LPB considering that the company’s administration should not only think for its profit but also for its employees. Debbi and Randy’s Business and La Petite Boulangerie (LPB) Debbi and Randy while acquiring control of LPB thought that there were many similarities found in the two chains—Mrs Fields Cookies and LPB. According to Randy LPB was, â€Å"a logical extension for the bakery aspect of Mrs. Fields' Cookies† (Cash and Ostrofsky 9). Debbi and Rand y saw the affiliation of LPB with Mrs Fields Cookies as a step taken for business expansion as the two chains suited each other. They were interested in combining the two forms of stores. Both of the store chains dealt with bakery items due to which, their combination business was not a destructive step. The senior managers working at Mrs Fields Cookies were given a chance to run the stores of LPB for understanding the

Examine sociological explanations of the difference in the educational performance of ethnic minorities in Britain Essay Example for Free

Examine sociological explanations of the difference in the educational performance of ethnic minorities in Britain Essay The connection between ethnicity and educational accomplishment is very complicated as there is a great deal of difference between achievements between each of the ethnic groups. In previous studies, such as those carried out to compile the Swann report (1985), used very simplistic classifications of each of the ethnic groups, Afro-Caribbean, Asian and All others (including white). There was clear ranking between these groups with all others at the top, followed by Asians, and then Afro-Caribbean. Later on more complex classification systems were introduced and so a more detailed picture of the relationships between class and education emerged. For example, Kysel (1988) used eleven classifications to measure success at 16. This study placed Indian, African, Asian and Pakistani pupils at the top, followed by South East Asian and Greek students. Students of UK origin came in the middle of the range, followed by pupils from Turkish, Arab and Caribbean origin. At the bottom were Bangladeshi pupils. Most sociological explanations point to home back ground, educational experiences and factors to do with society. However studies dont usually apply such sophisticated classifications, as used by Kysel, so making it difficult to explain distinctions between the categories. There are three main reasons for different ethnicities achieving differently in the cultural factors, social class and school factors. Cultural factors are thought by sociologists to have a large influence on the difference in attainment of the ethnic groups. Findings of those such as Douglas have provided support for what came to be known as cultural deprivation theory. This theory states that many of the values, attitudes and skills needed for high educational success are missing in the culture of certain ethnic groups. This was a particularly popular theory in the 1960-70s, it was notably supported by the Swann committee (1985), however evidence can be seen as weak, even the Swann report said this argument was sketchy. Driver and Ballard adopted this explanation in their study of children with parents of South Asian origin. They found that these parents quickly developed high expectations of their childrens abilities and such attitudes may have attributed to their success. Ken Pryce rejected theory. He did a study of the Afro-Caribbean community in Bristol (1979) and although he described their way of life as turbulent he also said that Afro-Caribbean parents have great aspirations for their children, and that they were not socially deprived because their parents are supportive, interested and provide all of the educational aid the can. Rex and Tomlinson also rejected the cultural deprivation theory in their study in Handsworth. Their rejected the theory because the data they collected points to Asians achieving highest at school and yet their parents go into school the least, indicating that they are not as interested as Afro-Caribbean parents who go into school the most. In spite of their parents frequent visits to school Afro-Caribbean are achieving the least in school. Another important theory is cultural difference theory, this about children being disadvantaged because their culture differs from the schools, the main example of this is if a child go to an English speaking school and speaks a different language at home, this means that they will not be as practiced as the children for whom English is their first language, they will be subjected to constant correction by teacher and their confidence and self esteem may suffer as a result. This theory is rejected by Driver and Ballard who found that by sixteen Asian childrens command of English is at least as good as their class mate, and in some cases, much better. The Swann report also noted that linguistic factors held back some Afro-Caribbean students but most did not have a problem. Social class is another important factor to consider. Some research suggests that much of the differential educational advantage that Afro-Caribbeans face is due to the fact that most Afro-Caribbeans are working class, disproportionately so. Swann said social class adds up to half of the reason behind educational achievement. Smith and Tomlinson agreed with this with their study of inner city junior schools and found a large variation due to class but a much smaller discrepancy due to ethnicity. The only problem with this is Asian pupils are primarily working class yet they achieve better that their white middle class counterparts. Many researchers have looked at the impact a range of school factors; this idea takes the stance that the difference in attainment between the ethnic groups is due to school environment. In studying school factors researches may have looked at curriculum content, teachers attitudes, ethnocentric resources, banding, language and many other things. Mac and Ghaill found that there was no clearly defined relationship between students who have been the victims of racism and the ones who have been predicted a fail. What he found was how well students did was influenced mainly by the schools they had come from. Pupils from suburban schools did better than pupils from inner city schools. Most studies showed that teachers were not racist to ethnic minorities. Taylor saw that many teachers were very sensitive in their handling of cultural issues and Hammersley went on to say most racist teachers did not bring this into the classroom. Wright studied primary schools and noticed how Asian pupils were largely invisible to the teacher and was treated insensitively by both staff and peers. Coard said that institutional racism lead to ethic minority children having self-esteem problems, which developed into low achievement. This is extremely apt with Afro-Caribbean students who are seen as a threat to classroom management and because they have been treated like this they start to conform to the labels they have been given. The DfEE found in a recent study that Afro-Caribbean pupils were four times more likely be permanently excluded from school than white children. To conclude, the area of ethnicity is a very delicate one and it is important to view it in the context of individuals and not stereotype people. More research is needed in to the experience of small, specific racial groups, not just Asian or White. It is also important to note that it can never be seen as just one factor, it is always going to be a combination of factors and also age and gender can not be ignored, no one factor can never be measured accurately on its own.

Montags Metamorphosis in Fahrenheit 451 :: Fahrenheit 451 Essays

Montag's Metamorphosis in Fahrenheit 451 It is once in a while in the history of one's literary experience that a book comes a long which is so poignant in its message, so "frightening in its implications" [New York Times], and so ironically simplistic in its word choice. One of these treasures of 20th century literature sits on my desk in front of me as I type-Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the novel devoted to denouncing the adage, "Ignorance is bliss". This novel provides a glance into a bleak world similar to our own (almost too similar) where war is common, feelings are shunned, family is non-existent, and thought is no longer an individual's query. To facilitate this last criterion of Mr. Bradbury's world, books have been banned, condemned to be burned on sight along with their possessors. (Incidentally, I am sure that Mr. Bradbury was aware of the high irony of writing this down in a book when he conceived of the idea.) And who should be the policemen of this world of ignorance? The "firemen." Not unlike the fir emen in our world today, they dress alike, drive big trucks, and wail their loud sirens. There is one fundamental difference, however-these firemen start fires; they cleanse the evil books of their sin. And who should personify the heartless, unfeeling, cold-warm fireman but Guy Montag. His father was a fireman, and his father in turn, so what other job could there be for a man like him? Well, as you, the reader, will see, Montag will soon have trouble answering that question himself. As I have mentioned, Montag is like all the others at the commencement of the novel: loving his job, never questioning an authority that has never given him any reason to obey. This all changes though when, while walking home from work, he encounters a young girl named Clarisse, who, through her innocence and oblivion to the world around her, shows him that society is crumbling around him and that he can be a part of the solution, not as everyone else is-the problem. For the first time in his life, he questions what he sees around him: his wife overdosing on pills, Clarisse getting hit by a speeding car and killed, and even the book burning which he does every night for money. Or was it amusement? Either way, curiosity gets the better of him as he "steals" a book from a raging fire during one of his raids.

The baby boomer in the midst of the economic crisis

Most of the baby boomer generation were imbibed with the stereotype perception on the facets of work, employment and success. In a typical scenario, that â€Å"best† schedule would connote that a baby boomer would go to work on a regular schedule, 8-5, working from Monday to Friday schedule. Most of the time would be spent in the office, taking a daily commute to and from the office, with some time being taken by overtime, some work to be done on the weekends, and some other tasks to be accomplished at home.Success was also easily defined, with the person attaining the highest position in the corporate ladder becoming the epitome of that standard of success (Brad Harrington, Douglas Hall 98). Many of the people, baby boomer and others, believe that the current recession is about to end and that more prosperous times are about to return are, what observers state, is sadly suffering from a near sighted view of the present economic crisis.In reality, since the peaking of the 2005 United States housing crisis, the continuing barrage of the sub-prime financial crisis in 2007,and the resulting economic slowdown in the American economy in December of the same year, its has been observed that the United States economy, and to a certain degree the global market, has entered into an era of prolonged adjustments, with expected periods of growth, but the severe economic restructuring currently being put in place is believed to continue for the next years. What is believed to be the main driver of these developments is the baby boomer generation.It is assumed that the previously mentioned financial crisis is also contributory to the current financial morass, but the imperative reasons is that what is considered as the largest demographic in the history of mankind, the baby boomer generation born after the Second World War, has overreached its spending power (Professor Rodrigue Tremblay). What is seen to be the immediate effect of this development is that there must b e a realization that the exhaustion of the spending power of the baby boomer generation is irreversible.In this regard, the solutions cannot be found overnight; the remedy will be decades of readjusting of corporate spending, reduced spending and increased savings, and liquidating massive mountains of debt. The ramifications of this development will be seen to reverberate through the entire economic structure, as seen in the downturn of the automobile industry, and the increases in the health care sector, as the baby boomer continue to age (Tremblay).What is considered as a significant public policy issue is the potential load that a society that is reaching its twilight years will place on the nation's health provider system and the government expenditures. The â€Å"2030† issue is about addressing the challenge that by that time, there will be adequate and an efficacious system will be in place in three decades time, when the elderly sector in society will be double the pre sent population. By the year 2030, it is expected that many of the baby boomer generation will be between the ages of 66 to 84 years, and they will comprise 61 million individuals.Apart from these, the number of the older baby boomers, will be more than 9 million by 2030 (James Knickman, Emily Snell). The present structure of the long term care sector is constructed around the provision of the service by private providers, which can be categorized as non-profit and some for profit outfits. When the available resources increase, the development of new services can accelerate at a faster pace. Inversely, when available resources decrease, it is also expected that the capacity of the sector will diminish.Taking the example of home health care as a point of reference, the growth in the yearly expenditure rate increase went from ten percent in the period of the 1980's reaching into the 1990's, plummeting to a negative three percent in just two years, from 1998 to 1999 (Knickman, Snell). The Congressional Budget Office (CBO), in a 1999 report, calculates that expenditures related to long term care needs was approximately $120 billion in 2000, more than half (59 percent) addressed by the private sector.The balance of the expenditures were covered by individual expenses, with the private long term sector just covering one percent of the long term health care expenditures. In the conservative estimation of the CBO, the total amount for long term health care will rise an average of 2. 6 percent above inflationary levels annually over a span of three decades, totaling more than $150 billion in 2010, close to $200 billion in 2020, and a colossal $ 230 billion by the year 2030 (Knickman, Snell). In the composition of the Federal budgetary outlay, three government dominate the bulk of Federal spending; Medicaid, Medicare and Social Security.Federal outlays for these programs in 2004 reached more than $960 billion, exclusive of receipt offsetting of Medicare premiums. In tot al, these three programs totaled more than 40 percent of the entire Federal budget. It is be noted that the Federal government is contemplating on implementing sweeping changes in the mechanism of the Social Security system. The changes in the Social Security structure is inclusive of proposals to divert a portion of their tax payments to private investment tools (United States Congressional Budget Office 9).One piece of advice that the boomers might give serious contemplation to is the fact that there exists now a need to increase levels of savings rather than increased spending. All the events the last few years have sent a clear signal to the aging sector to turn to savings and restrain spending binges; but these acts of saving on the part of the boomers would mean a decrease in the levels of consumption and reduced spending, so that they can liquidate their liabilities, and that will increase the personal net income of the boomers.But what does that spell for the economy, if the largest spending sector considers more saving and reducing their consumption? It will translate to a comprehensive deceleration in economic growth and some excruciating adjustments in broad sectors in the economy (Tremblay) . In this light, it is expected that the effects of the current financial crisis hounding the global economies will be magnified and increase in its intensity, and the magnified effects of the crisis will continue to be felt in the decades to come.The economic doldrums will not be continuous, as there will be some short lived gains and increases, but will quickly return to the state of economic stagnation. To cite an example, in the last decade, Japan suffered a period of stagnation induced by the elderly demographic buffeted the nation's economy for the entire nineties. Even to this day, Japan is still trying to finds its way out of the economic morass it suffered during that time (Tremblay). Many of the countries whose population practices a very high standard of savings patterns will be able to export much of that capital to other countries.During the baseline year for model simulations, 1997, it was seen that many industrial states were exporting more than $60 billion in net investments to some low and middle level nations, amounting to 1. 1 percent of the gross domestic product of the nations that receive these outflows of capital. In that year, only nations in East Asia region were seen to be net exporters of capital. But in the year 2015, the recipients of the outflows of the industrial nations will be the ones exporting capital, and the industrial nations currently exporting the capital will be the ones importing the capital (World Bank 40).In the years not covered by the data released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the continued aging of the baby boomers, compounded with increasing costs related to health care, will create a significant shift in the financial situation of the Unite States. It is expected that in the nex t three decades, the population of Americans at or over the age of 65 will jump 100 percent, while the number of people that are under the age of 65 will only increase by 15 percent. What is more alarming is the rate for the increase for health care expenditures is expected to outstrip the pace of economic growth during the same period.If the costs continue at a pace of 2. 5 percent, the Federal government will increase its budgetary allocations for Medicare and Medicaid, from 4. 2 percent at present more than 11 percent by the year 2030 (Congressional 10). Budgetary allocations for Social Security is expected to increase in the next thirty years by an average of 40 percent under the operation of the present laws. The share of the allocations for Social Security will rise from the 4. 2 figure at present to at least 6 percent in 2030.By comparison, the revenue projections for Social Security is expected to be static during the period, hovering at around 5 percent of gross domestic pr oduct (GDP). All combined, these pressures will exert significant amounts of stress on the budget that growth in the economy is unlikely to fully satiate (Congressional 11). Works Cited Harrington, Brad, Hall, Douglas T. Career Management and work life integration: using self assessment to navigate contemporary careers. Los Angeles, USA: Sage Publications 2007. Knickman, James R. , Snell, Emily K. â€Å"The 2030 Problem: Caring for Aging Baby Boomers†.Health Research and Education Trust 2002 August, 37(4), pp. 849-884 Tremblay, Rodrigue. â€Å"The Great Baby-Boomers Economic Stagnation of 2007-2017†. United States Congressional Budget Office. The US Budget and Economic Outlook 2006- 2015. P. O. Box 416, Old Chelsea Station New York NY: Cosimo, Inc. 2005 World Bank. Global economic prospects and the Developing countries, Volume 13. 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC: World Bank Publications 2003.

A Case for the Legitimate Use of Marijuana

It is normal for people to feel that rules are meant to forbid. When one goes out for a short drive for instance, he or she would encounter a lot of rules to observe – speed-limits, stop-lights, pedestrian lanes, no right or left turn signals, among many others.But it is also not wrong to think that rules, while they forbid certain things to be done, are actually meant to regulate. This means that laws exists not really to stop people from doing what they so desire. Instead, they are there to regulate so that the people can live in a decent and harmonious society.Currently, the use of marijuana is forbidden by a lot of world governments, the United States included. And it is normally accepted that such prohibition stems from the desire to implement peace and order in the society. We all know for a fact that marijuana is a type of drug that, when smoked, can elicit certain psychological and physical effects.People who smoke marijuana experience a feeling of being high – i.e., they feel a sensation characterized by being relaxed or pacified, or being a dreamy or semi-conscious state. Marijuana can make a person lose control as well. This is why, many authorities have forbidden its cultivation and possession, because its use can make a person do certain things he or she do not want to.Be that as it may, I still would like to argue that authorities must start looking at the possibility of legitimizing the use of marijuana for medical purposes.The Benefits of Marijuana Use for Medical PurposesThe use of marijuana, as mentioned, can bring about certain psychological effects. And many authorities fear that, if left unchecked, its widespread use can lead people to commit heinous crimes such as gang-wars, robbery, rape and even homicide.But in their desire to regulate the use of marijuana, in view of the noble purpose of maintaining peace and quiet within the society, many authorities have also undermined the benefits which can be gained from its use. Spec ifically, these governments are overlooking the fact that marijuana can help doctors, and all those attending to the medical needs of the patients, administer helpful ways to effectively address pain management.The hospital is a place where sick persons are treated. Most often than not, these treatments come with a very high price – i.e., these persons have to deal with the pain that comes with having to be treated with their illnesses. In a manner of speaking, doctors and medical practitioners are tasked not only with the duty to cure their patients’ sickness, but also to make sure that patients can tolerate the cure which would be given to them.There are certain cures – for instance, surgeries – which are accompanied with intolerable pain. This is why, pain management is an essential part of medical practice.In view of such need, I have reasons to think that governments can start looking into the possibility of allowing the legitimate use of marijuana, if only doctors and nurses can be helped in addressing pain management issues. Since marijuana can make a people less conscious of their bodily sensation, a dose of which can help patients deal with the pain of certain medical cures. This is especially true after surgeries.When a patient undergoes surgery, the aftermath can be very stressful. He or she needs to put up with the grimacing pain that comes with the medical procedure. And there are even times when, because of the intense pain, patients get to be traumatized because of the intense pain that comes with their operation.The use of anesthesia to address this pain issues is a common practice in the medical field. But because any high dosage giving out of anesthesia can seriously affect bodily functions, many doctors opt to use it quite sparingly. They would rather have the patients bear their post-procedure pain, than give them medicines which can seriously impede their normal physiological functions.

Myntra.com Logo Essay Essays

Myntra.com Logo Essay Essays Myntra.com Logo Essay Essay Myntra.com Logo Essay Essay Myntra was established by Mukesh Bansal and Sankar Bora in February 2007. The other cardinal members are Ashutosh Lawania. and Vineet Saxena. All of them are IIT/IIM alumnas. and have worked for several start-ups. Myntra is headquartered in Bangalore and has been funded by Venture Capital financess like IndoUS. IDG A ; Accel Partners. [ 5 ] The company started off in the concern of personalization of merchandises. and shortly expanded to put up regional offices in New Delhi. Mumbai and Chennai. It began its operations in the B2B ( concern to concern ) section with the personalization of gifts. which included T-shirts. mugs and caps to call a few. However. in 2010. the company shifted its scheme to going a B2C ( concern to client ) oriented house. spread outing its catalogue to manner and lifestyle merchandises. From 2007 to December 2010. Myntra. com was in the concern of on-line demand personalization. [ 6 ] The merchandises ranged from T-shirts. mugs. recognizing cards. calendars. key ironss. journals. vino spectacless. coasters and many such merchandises with exposure. one-liners and mottos. In three old ages. Myntra became one of the India’s largest on-demand personalization platform for merchandises and gifts with over a 50 % market portion [ 7 ] Myntra [ 8 ] offered individualized New Jerseies of several cricket and football squads such as Team India. IPL squads. national football squads. and Premier League football squads. New concern focal point and merchandises Myntra has tied up with top manner and lifestyle trade names in India. such as Nike. Inc. . Reebok. Puma. Adidas. Asics. Lee. Lotto. Decathlon. FILA. John Miller. Indigo Nation etc. to offer a broad scope of current season ware from these trade names [ 9 ] Myntra presently offers merchandises from more than 350 Indian and international trade names. [ 10 ] These include places for running. tennis. football. hoops and fittingness. along with insouciant footwear from world-renowned industry leaders like Nike. Puma. Converse. Adidas. Decathlon. Reebok. Lee Cooper. Numero Uno. Skechers. Crocks. Asics. Fila. Lotto. ID and many more. There are besides insouciant and dressy footwear for adult females from Catwalk. Carlton London and Red Tape to call a few. Myntra besides stocks Jerseies for work forces and adult females from popular trade names like Covetous 21. Everlastingly New. Authoritative Polo. Inkfruit. Lee. Nike. Inc. . Probase. Puma. Adidas. Reebok. Ed Hardy. Decathlon. Lotto. Ediots. Mr. Men. Tantra and Guerilla. The web site has besides launched Being Human and Fastrack tickers. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In July 31. 2012 Bollywood actorKalki Koechlin launches Myntra’s ‘Star N Style’ characteristic. [ 14 ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Business theoretical account Myntra. com is an collector of many trade names. Its concern theoretical account is based on securing current season ware from assorted trade names and doing them available on the portal at the same clip as in several retail trade name mercantile establishments. All these merchandises are offered to clients on MRP. [ 15 ] In October 2007. Myntra received a seed support from Accel Partners ( once Erasmic Venture Fund ) . Sasha Mirchandani from Mumbai Angels and another angel investor. In November 2008. Myntra raised with it’s A support of $ 5 million from NEA-IndoUS Ventures. IDG Ventures and Accel Partners. [ 16 ] In the 2nd unit of ammunition of support led by Tiger Global and participated by bing investors IDG Ventures and Indo-US Venture Partners. Myntra raised $ 14 million. Towards the terminal of 2011. Myntra. com raised $ 20 million in its 3rd unit of ammunition of support led by Tiger Global. [ 17 ] Myntra launched a trade name run with its first TVC in July 2011. The commercial ‘juxtaposes new-age manner with old-world grit’ and places Myntra as a ‘fashionable new age’ trade name. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Myntra’s 2nd run. with the tagline â€Å"Ramp It Up† . was launched in October 2011 with a TVC. The new ad scored high on manner quotient and the nucleus message was to pass on the launch of the Autumn Winter 2011 aggregation on Myntra. com. [ 22 ] In February 2012. Myntra besides rolled out an OOH ( out of place ) run across Tier 2 metropoliss. to to construct trade name consciousness and promote online shopping. [ 23 ] In June 2012. Myntra launched its 3rd run. Created by Taproot. the communicating emphasises the benefits of purchasing online. and is titled ‘Real life mein aisa hota hai kya’ . in which they offer free transportation. hard currency on bringing. 30 twenty-four hours return amp ; 24 hours dispatch [ 24 ] Myntra continued the ‘Real life mein aisa hota hai kya’ subject in its following run in October 2012 and extended it to showcase its broad catalog and hassle-free Returns Policy. [ 25 ] Gross In the last unit of ammunition ( Nov 2010 ) . Myntra raised $ 14mn and in 2008. raised $ 5mn from NEA-IUV. IDG Ventures and Accel. Myntra started as a usage endowing service and subsequently morphed into an on-line shop manner shop merchandising lifestyle merchandises. The latest unit of ammunition of $ 20mn support ( Series C ) will be used to construct its logistics service ( they have already started their ain logistic service ) and enlargement into new classs. Myntra. com marks Rs 500 crores gross for the following financial Myntra. com. the largest on-line retail merchant of manner and lifestyle merchandises in India. is taking grosss of Rs 500 crores in the fiscal twelvemonth 2012- 2013. The company which entered the life style and manner retailing section in December 2010 has registered a 10 fold growing in 2011 and is comparatively. the fastest turning company in the e-commerce infinite in India. Mr. Mukesh Bansal ( Founder A ; CEO ) said. â€Å"Myntra has undergone phenomenal growing in the last 12 months and has emerged as the clear leader in Fashion/Lifestyle infinite. We have been systematically duplicating every 4 months and have now reached a graduated table where we ship up to 10. 000 merchandises every twenty-four hours. We are be aftering to traverse gross of Rs 500 crores in FY 12-13 which will further beef up Myntra’s leading place in the lifestyle class. This is an exciting class with the entire market size projected to be over $ 100 billion in 5 old ages with mid individual figure part being on-line. doing this. perchance the largest on-line class in India. † He farther added. â€Å"We have built the largest catalog in manner A ; lifestyle class with over 200 trade names. have really extended supply-chain capablenesss including world-class warehouse in multiple metropoliss and our ain logistics web in big metropoliss. We will go on to put sharply in our engineering platform. supply-chain and the Myntra trade name to quickly scale the concern. † history Myntra. com is ranked among the taking e-commerce companies in India and is the largest on-line retail merchant of life style and manner merchandises. The company was started by a group of IIT/IIM alumnuss in 2007 and is headquartered in Bangalore. Funded by top grade Venture Capital Funds. Myntra is among the best funded e-commerce companies in the state today. Myntra. which started as an on-line finish for personalized merchandises back in 2007. has expanded into broader life style and manner retailing. Today. Myntra is the largest online lifestyle retail merchant with over 200 national and international trade names under its streamer. Myntra has brought in a new degree of professionalism and engineering enablement to the e-commerce infinite in India. For consumers. this translates to superior experience. broader merchandise choice and odd efficiency. therefore adding to a better buying determination. The company’s alone offerings include the largest in-season merchandise catalogue. 100 % reliable merchandises. hard currency on bringing. and 30 twenty-four hours return policy. doing Myntra the preferable online shopping finish in the state. Merchandises * There are besides insouciant and dressy footwear for adult females from Catwalk. Carlton London and Red Tape to call a few. To offer a broad scope of current season ware from these trade names. Myntra presently offers merchandises from more than 200 Indian and international trade names. These include places for running. tennis. football. hoops and fittingness. along with insouciant footwear from world-renowned industry leaders likeMyntra has tied up with top manner and lifestyle trade names in India. such as Nike. Reebok. Puma. Adidas. Asics. Lee. Lotto. Decathlon. FIFA. John Miller. Indigo Nation etc. * Inkfruit. com. dilsebol. com. Blue Bus Tees. Scopial. com. Myntra doubtless enjoyed the first mover advantage in the on-line retailing concern. But Myntra’s success has been replicated by other companies that have now become rivals for Myntra. Some of them are Diff between tradional bssness n vitamin E bussness Traditional concerns and e-businesses both require you to hold a concern licence. Registering your concern name with the province registrar. geting a federal revenue enhancement ID figure. researching local zoning and licensing ordinances. buying insurance pertinent to your demands and set uping banking relationships are critical stairss in puting up store in either locale. While telecommunications equipment. office supplies and a marketing/advertising budget are necessary disbursals in both traditional and electronic commercialism. a traditional concern theoretical account has the added operating expense of a monthly rental. public-service corporations. staff wages and benefits. exterior/interior care costs and security systems. An e-business tally from a place office utilizes resources that already exist and which are so prorated as tax write-off Customer Convenience If the conditions is bad. the parking is a challenge or the hr is late when inspiration strikes to purchase something. an e-business that is unfastened 24/7 frequently has more entreaty to clients than a brick-and-mortar store located across town and merely unfastened five yearss a hebdomad from 10 to 4. Shoping for goods electronically doesn’t merely salvage clients clip and energy ; it can besides salvage them from paying gross revenues revenue enhancements. supply them with more mercantile establishments to comparison-shop and extinguish the feeling of being pressured or followed around by a sales representative. Many clients. nevertheless. prefer the ability to personally inspect the ware. inquire for advice and aid and be able to take their purchases home instantly instead than holding to pay transportation costs and delay for bringing. A traditional concern satisfies those demands in add-on to furthering an environment of trust through personal conversation and face-time . N for revenue enhancement intents.

buy custom Hacking of Smart Phones essay

buy custom Hacking of Smart Phones essay The concept of security has evolved to include areas that were previously not considered to be in need of security measures. There are increasing numbers of people who own smart cell-phones. The smart cell- phones are used for a myriad of functions, which include storage of sensitive information thereby giving hackers reasons to hack into these phones. A journalist published an article of how hackers have threatened the security of smart phones powered by operating systems such as Android. The article pointed to increasing number of attacks on smart phones that are being executed using rogue applications available in the android market. Problem Hacking is an ethical problem. Hackers use their knowledge to make applications for the purpose of stealing user information from phones. This problem is of ethical concern since hackers who may have networking knowledge intend to harm users of smart phones. Hacking has been problem of concern regarding how technologists use their skills. Much as hacking is an ethical problem, it is a complicated situation since ownership to information and software that is used for hacking in most cases cannot be established (Palmer, 2001). In some cases, the hackers have not been found and hence no legal could possibly be taken against anyone. Hacking is an intrusion to individual privacy. One or more journalists at the British newspaper The News of the World were reported of carrying out old fashioned hack on celebrity information. They used the old phreaking methods of intrusion on voicemail systems that were uses by celebrities and politicians (Palmer, 2001). Since then, many public figure have fallen victim to hacking of phone calls, voicemail messages and computer information some of which have been done by unknown people. Stakeholders and Ethical Hackers In this situation, there are a number of stakeholders involved in thi case, (including) manufacturers of well known anti-virus protection software (Norton, MaAfee, AVG, and Kaspersky). With the situation involving hacking of mobile phones, users of mobile phones and smart phone manufacturers are stakeholders in this issue (Palmer, 2001). In addition, network professionals who design smart phone applications are among the stakeholders involved in this case. Security of users data and impact of identity thefts necessitate that government agencies be part of the stakeholders. To protect organization and government computer systems, ethical hackers have been employed. These are defined as computer network experts who attack the security system of phones and computers on behalf of the owners with an aim of seeking vulnerabilities that malicious hackers could explore to expose information that is otherwise considered confidential. The ethical hackers, just like the unprofessional hackers, use the same principles to test the security systems of a Smartphone and/or computers (Sarno, 2010). Ethical hackers should consider ethical theories and principles that make their work respectable and trustworthy for the companies and organizations that employ them. The principle of autonomy in ethical theory demands that people should have control over their lives because they are the only ones who fully understand their chosen ways of life. This theory puts the interests of the smart phone owners and users over those of the hackers whether ethical or scrupulous hackers. In addition, the constitution provides the right to provide privacy to the users of these technologies (Levy, 2010). The smart phone users should hence not be at the mercy of the hackers. However, it is hard for the government through the constitution to fully protect technology users because sometimes the hackers cannot be established. The principle of confidentiality is one that has been hard to observe owing to the right of ownership of software in the phones and computers. Much as an individual purchaser of a smart phone or computer may lay claim on the hardware, he/she cannot lay claim on the ownership of the software which continues to be the property of the manufacturers. Given that the manufacturers have the access codes and technological know how on the use of those software and will hence continue to access those softwares information with or without the consent of the user (Levy, 2010). In addition, vulnerabilities exist in networks which track phones by mirroring connect calls through security weakness in the smart phones that are used. These security loopholes in smart phones give the hackers a chance to run the software of the said phones. The major smart phone makers have also created online markets where phone users can download thousands of apps; Google Android has the Android Market, iPhone have the App Store, and Black Berry has the App World (Palmer, 2001). Criteria for Solving the Case To solve this case, the interest of users as well as that of manufacturers must be considered. Most important, the interest of users must be assured to protect them against losses. The tragedy however is that from a practical point of view, the security problem will remain for as long as manufacturers commit themselves to the current architecture of systems which they produce without a firm requirement for security (Levy, 2010). As long as the manufacturers support ad hoc security packages for the inadequate designs that they make; and penetration terms give illusory results as a license for demonstration f computer and smart phone system security, the reality of proper system security and the assurance thereof will not be attained. Sarno (2010) argues that hacking is seen as a marketing strategy to convince the users of existing security solutions in the IT industry. Hackers convince the users of the software they have which can promote security in smart phone systems which sometimes is not true. White hat hackers are professionals who have applied ethical practices to ensure the security of phones are attained by installing hacking alerts and tracking devices on the uncouth hackers. Buy custom Hacking of Smart Phones essay

Martial Tells the Story of Gladiators Priscus and Verus

Martial Tells the Story of Gladiators Priscus and Verus In 2003, BBC produced a television docudrama (Colosseum: Romes Arena of Death aka Colosseum: A Gladiators Story) about Roman gladiators that The Naked Olympics writer Tony Perrottet reviewed, in Television/DVD: Everyone Loves a Bloodbath. The review seems fair. Here is an excerpt: The early phases of the show are squarely embedded in the time-honored tradition of gladiator movies, so much so that there is an inevitable sense of dà ©j vu. (Is that Kirk Douglas slaving away in the quarries? Doesnt that gladiator look a bit like Russell Crowe?) The rustic prisoners first glimpses of imperial Rome, the initial matches in the gladiatorial schoolall are part of the tried-and-true formula. Even the music seems familiar.Still, this new foray into the genre quickly distinguishes itself from its forebears. That final sentence bears repeating. I would recommend watching this hour-long show if it ever comes back to television. The climax of the show is a dramatization of a known Roman fight between gladiators Priscus and Verus. When they fought each other it was the highlight of the games for the opening ceremonies of the Flavian Amphitheater, the sporting arena we usually refer to as the Roman Colosseum. The Gladiator Poem of Marcus Valerius  Martialis   We know of these capable gladiators from a poem by the witty Latin epigrammatist Marcus Valerius Martialis aka Martial, who is usually referred to as coming from Spain. It is the only detailed such as it is description of such a fight that has survived. Youll find the poem and an English translation below, but first, there are some terms to know. ColosseumThe first term is the Flavian amphitheater or Colosseum which was opened in 80, a year after the first of the Flavian emperors, Vespasian, the one who had built most of it, had died. It does not appear in the poem but was the events venue.RudisThe second term is rudis, which was a wooden sword given to a gladiator to show that he was freed and released from service. He might then start his own gladiatorial training school.The FingerThe finger refers to a type of end to the game. A fight could be to the death, but it could also be until one of the combatants asked for mercy, by raising a finger. In this famous fight, the gladiators raised their fingers together.ParmaThe Latin refers to a parma which was a round shield. While it was used by Roman soldiers, it was also used by the Thraex or Thracian style gladiators.CaesarCaesar refers to the second Flavian emperor, Titus. Martial XXIX English Latin While Priscus drew out, and Verus drew out thecontest, and the prowess of both stood long inbalance, oft was discharge for the men claimed withmighty shouts; but Caesar himself obeyed his ownlaw: that law was, when the prize was set up, tofight until the finger was raised; what was lawful hedid, oft giving dishes and gifts therein. Yet was anend found of that balanced strife: they fought wellmatched, matched well they together yielded. Toeach Caesar sent the wooden sword, and rewards toeach: this prize dexterous valour won. Under noprince but thee, Caesar, has this chanced: whiletwo fought, each was victor. Cum traheret Priscus, traheret certamina Verus, esset et aequalis Mars utriusque diu,missio saepe uiris magno clamore petita est; sed Caesar legi paruit ipse suae; -lex erat, ad digitum posita concurrere parma: - 5 quod licuit, lances donaque saepe dedit.Inuentus tamen est finis discriminis aequi: pugnauere pares, subcubuere pares.Misit utrique rudes et palmas Caesar utrique: hoc pretium uirtus ingeniosa tulit. 10Contigit hoc nullo nisi te sub principe, Caesar: cum duo pugnarent, uictor uterque fuit. Martial; Ker, Walter C. A London : Heinemann; New York: Putnam

Business Plan Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Plan - Research Proposal Example The shop will not only serve as a bakery, but a small dine in place for people who wish to come alone, have business meetings or with friends & family. The pricing of our products will be premium as we target the high end and upper middle class segment of the market. This segment is diet conscious and wants substitutes of high fat, unhealthy food items. The business plan talks in detail about our strategy, our operations, future plans, financials and industry analysis. 2) Company Description We aim to start a bakery business targeted at the upper middle class, health and diet conscious people. The business will mainly sell products ranging from cakes, cookies and snacks that are sugar free and healthier than normal bakery items. The idea is to give a taste of sweet to diet conscious people with a variety of items. The shop will be located in New York in the beginning and we aim to expand to other cities in next 5 years. Our company will be a private limited entity. 3) Products The ra nge The bakery provides freshly prepared bakery items at all times during business operations. Our product portfolio can be seen in Appendix A. We have decided to keep these 13 as our initial offering after a lot of research into eating habits of our target customers. Our products will belong to the high end, branded, premium high quality category. Sizes There will be different serving sizes for each of the desserts and snacks. Cakes would be served in full size, half size and as single pieces. The cookies would be sold as single unit and snacks will also be sold as single items. 4) Target Market The target market as described earlier are high end, upper middle class diet conscious people who wish to add some sweet in their life by having healthier, sugar free bakery items. Our target population is also increasing in size, with more awareness of the diseases associated with large consumption of sugar and other unhealthy products, and people opting for a healthier life style. And plu s American love desserts; they want something for their sweet tooth after every meal. 5) Business Strategy Our business focuses on serving a niche market by offering quality and premium food products. We want to create high end products for our target market, because they value quality. To achieve these objectives, we will provide the following: Quality baked goods for diet conscious people to enjoy at a premium price. Friendly and lively atmosphere Special diet menus formulated by the advice of local healthcare providers and nutritionists. We will initially start with offering 13 varieties of bakery items to be kept in the bakery, which includes cakes, desserts, snacks, cookies, and savory items. We will start our operation in a posh area of New York City, where our target population is dense. We will include a card of nutritional value attached with each of our products so that our customers become aware of what they are purchasing. Initially we will start with attracting customer s by giving out samples of our best items at Shopping Malls and Grocery Stores. 6) Marketing & Sales Strategy We will be offering different promotional strategies such

Curriculum Alignment for 3rd Grade Research Paper

Curriculum Alignment for 3rd Grade - Research Paper Example It is a recognized element that the standards in place demand that a learner gains knowledge so as to address the immediate need of passing tests and SAT’s. This should not be the case in the modern educational setting. Knowledge must be gained for the learner to have the capability of addressing any issues they come across in life. This application should be quick and even in the face of difficult challenges; learners might apply this knowledge to advance onto the next stages (Falk, 2012). This paper will examine one subject area, and some recommendations that may assist learners cope with the present situations. Subject and grade that need assistance It is crucial to nurture the minds of learners at a tender age. This is where the mind is eager to learn and receive new ideologies. In 3rd grade, it is highly vital for educators to instil a number of methods of educating learners. At this stage, it is particularly easy for the learners mind to be distracted. During learning se ssions, teachers may find it difficult to capture the learner’s attention throughout the whole session. It would be considered a waste of treasured period if the pupil got into class, and only benefitted from the first few minutes of the lesson. Teachers need to understand that having long periods is detrimental to the minds of young learners. It does not make sense to the learner to have long periods of which they do the same thing, and do not grasp any new concept (Elmore & Green, 2006). In mathematics, for example, some of the learners find it problematic to handle new concepts. Instead of teachers taking the time to teach these new concepts and later explain them, they are keener on finishing one concept while heading to another. This is one of the core reasons why learners end up hating mathematics as a subject. Effective mathematics should provide the learner with an instructional program that is balanced. In this approach, the learner acquires basic computational exper tise. They also grasp the basic concepts they are provided with, and become adept at solving mathematical problems (Kagan & Kauerz, 2012). Some improved/advocated for standards in mathematics are underway and are of significance to this stage in learning. How teachers and all stakeholders will provide for curriculum alignment Teachers and guardians in the school should participate fully in the learner’s intellectual growth. This provides a cushion for the child to fall onto whenever a problem arises during the course of their studies. To improve the relationship between the parent, teacher, and learner, it is crucial for the parties to sit down and advice each other. They can advise each other on all possible things that go on in each other’s lives. This is because they must help each other understand how to relate with one another. Learners at this stage tend to relate to their elders by acting out, or lashing out at them. This is one way for the created forums to rea ch out to them, and teach them ways of how to communicate (Kagan & Kauerz, 2012). The taught curriculum in this class should go hand in hand with the school calendar. This is to prevent the pushing of course content into the next academic year. Usually when this happens, the learner is at a disadvantage. They do not acquire the needed knowledge at the time they are supposed to, which makes them stagnate at the previous level (Mooney & Mausbach, 2008). They, therefore, lack the

The explanation of the various management problems Essay

The explanation of the various management problems - Essay Example All of these fields are characterized with problem solving and decision making on the various management issues which is vital to the success and better performance of any organization in the context of the various department that are comprised in an organization. Through the study the student is able to make accurate, reliable and valid decisions on the management issues following the procedures and the guidelines that are consistent, feasible and in conformity with the better management practice and theories that aim at solving the underlying problems. With the effect of globalization and the advent of the new technologies taking its action in the various organizations, management has become an important tool and a vital aspect in the achievement of the set goals and objectives thus emerging the need to have a quality management team that is able to deliver the goal and objectives of the organization. Solving management problems requires the student to have adequate skills, qualifi cations and extensive understanding on the management and leadership which involves decision making. Although decision making has the tendency of being a natural and characterized with personal attributes it is important to integrate the various concepts of the management to improve the management decision quality and effectiveness. This implies that the management theories are acts as the facilitators of an effective, reliable, consistent and valid decisions made by the individual students who are the prospective managers of the various fields of management in the various contexts. The management theories assist management master’s degree students to be able to accurately interlink the management problem solving and the management decisions that are made at the various levels of management depending on the situation of an organization. The study of the management masters degree enables the students as potential managers to be able to apply the basic principles, laws and guid elines of the management process with the aim of optimally utilizing resources which are bound to be scarce. This process involves minimizing cost with anticipated maximum profitability and returns, and the whole process is facilitated by the modern management science and the availably technologies. In the field of management science and engineering the students of master’s degree will have acquired skills from the general management theories, operations management which is the core functional strategy of an engineering field, management system engineering, and information technology management - all these are incorporated with the decision making, game theory and the organizational theory. These theories mainly involve the designing of the economics management in engineering and the evaluation methods of the best engineering management practices. Secondly, there is the business administration where the study of the management theories is applied in the management of the corp oration businesses as well as the non-profit making organization. The

Donald Judd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Donald Judd - Research Paper Example remember Judd for his contribution to a form of art known as Minimalist art, architecture, his influence in modern sculpture, and many other artistic forms. Below, we explore the various forms of art that made Judd popular and have his name to be top on the list of the most influential artists. Artists and people remember Judd for using a collection of three forms: boxes, stacks, and progression that he applied throughout the thirty years of his career in art. When he began his work and practice in art, in the 1940s, his sculptural objects predominantly took the arrangement of shallow reliefs. The same concepts became evident in his work, as the artist employed commercial fabricators to get the shapes that he desired. Commercial fabricators assisted him in maintaining the simple forms of boxes and stacks, which he would often set according to sequential or repeated progressions. Judd’s idea of boxes, stacks, and progression differed and still varies from most of the art that we have in the world today. Donald Judd named his three dimensional art specific. While other forms of art were general, his was specific (Wintle 388). The various shows and artworks presented by Judd all through the years in which he practiced art exhibit how he used the same forms and pieces i n specific ways. His application of specific objects in his form of art led to his involvement and promotion of the minimalist art. Judd was a distinguished figure, who stood at the forefront of Minimalism – a word that he detested, during the 1960s and part of the 1970s. Minimal art refers to a school of sculpture and abstract painting where the artist keeps any form of expression to the bare minimal to give a total literal presence. Some regard minimalist art as extremely simple and deliberate lack of content to express. Although many forms of art fall into the description of minimal art, the name referred to artwork that sprung during the 1960s. During that time, some critics of art preferred

Econometrics ; GDP growth in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econometrics ; GDP growth in US - Essay Example When evaluated using the Yuan as a reference, the Chinese economy now stands two-thirds larger than its position in 2004. Of this, over half of the contribution to the growth can be attributed to the GDP increase while the remainder is from statistical factors including the currency exchange fluctuations between the US Dollar and the Chinese Yuan. The Dollar has moved by 23% between 2004 and 2008 (The Economist, 2010). Economists indicate that a repeat of this 4-year trend with moves of over 34% would allow China to surpass the US economy between 2025-2-2028. This further signals that the US Dollar will stabilize at the existing exchange rates. A comparison of the performances of both the economies during the previous decade would put a comparative GDP growth change at 51% amongst both economies. This predicts 2021 as the passing date for the Chinese economy (David Greenaway, 2009). The recent global financial meltdown has however halted the tremendous growth of most economies in the world. While overturning the recent fortunes of the US economy, the crisis has provided enough glimpses into the highly interlinked global economy and demonstrated that even China is not an exception during such periods. The US economy is slowly coming out of a recession and China’s GDP growth dipped below the 10% annual mark for the first time in over a decade. Further, the Chinese government seems to have taken several important steps to continue a strengthening of its currency, helping its exports and the home industry against western competitors (OECD, 2009). The US economy grew by 5.9% during the fourth quarter of 2009, providing a strong impression that the world’s largest economy was on the path to recovery (The Economist, 2010). However, experts have been quick to point out that this growth was largely contributed inventory rebuilding, indicating that such an expansion may not be consistent in the

Donald Judd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Donald Judd - Research Paper Example remember Judd for his contribution to a form of art known as Minimalist art, architecture, his influence in modern sculpture, and many other artistic forms. Below, we explore the various forms of art that made Judd popular and have his name to be top on the list of the most influential artists. Artists and people remember Judd for using a collection of three forms: boxes, stacks, and progression that he applied throughout the thirty years of his career in art. When he began his work and practice in art, in the 1940s, his sculptural objects predominantly took the arrangement of shallow reliefs. The same concepts became evident in his work, as the artist employed commercial fabricators to get the shapes that he desired. Commercial fabricators assisted him in maintaining the simple forms of boxes and stacks, which he would often set according to sequential or repeated progressions. Judd’s idea of boxes, stacks, and progression differed and still varies from most of the art that we have in the world today. Donald Judd named his three dimensional art specific. While other forms of art were general, his was specific (Wintle 388). The various shows and artworks presented by Judd all through the years in which he practiced art exhibit how he used the same forms and pieces i n specific ways. His application of specific objects in his form of art led to his involvement and promotion of the minimalist art. Judd was a distinguished figure, who stood at the forefront of Minimalism – a word that he detested, during the 1960s and part of the 1970s. Minimal art refers to a school of sculpture and abstract painting where the artist keeps any form of expression to the bare minimal to give a total literal presence. Some regard minimalist art as extremely simple and deliberate lack of content to express. Although many forms of art fall into the description of minimal art, the name referred to artwork that sprung during the 1960s. During that time, some critics of art preferred

State sovereignty and globalization Research Paper

State sovereignty and globalization - Research Paper Example This is also possible because of the concept of globalization. Globalization has made it possible to disseminate and distribute information thousands of miles away. Globalization has also led to the emergence of other actors at the international arena, such as International Governmental Institutions. Examples of Inter-Governmental Institutions include the United Nations, NATO, European Union and the African Union. States have to cede some of the sovereign rights in order to be members of these organizations.2. Inter-Governmental Institutions as agents of Globalization: Inter-governmental organization is an institution that is composed of sovereign states, and they join it for the purposes of benefiting politically, socially or economically. The representatives of various governments sign treaties, which then pass through the process of ratification, to give the agreement a legal recognition. The inter-governmental institutions must not be confused with various treaty organizations. F or instance the North American Free Trade Agreement and the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade are not examples of inter-governmental institutions, but they are examples of treaty organizations. Because inter-governmental organizations involve associations between governments at the international arena, it can be termed as an agent of globalization. ... Some Inter-Governmental organizations are formed for the main purpose of restoring and preserving peace. An example of such an institution is the Formation of the League of Nation, after the end of the First World War. The institution was formed to prevent an emergence of another war, similar to the magnitude of the First World War. However, the institution failed to prevent the emergence of the Second World War. Because of this failure, the International community resolved to form the United Nations. One of the failures of the League of Nations is to attract United States of America as a member. United States refused to join the League of Nations, for purposes of protecting its sovereignty. The government of United States of America realized that joining the institution would amount to ceding some of its sovereign rights. Some inter-governmental organizations are formed to promote inter-governmental cooperation in relation to environmental conservation, human rights protection and s ocial development. Examples include UN Habitat, United Nations Economic and Social Council, and Economic Community of West African States. Globalization in this context is seen through the interaction of States, to benefit from those associations either through trade, or advancement of their socio-political ideologies. This is the case of International Monetary Fund and the promotion of Liberalization of a State’s economy. This was the main ideology of United States and the Western parts of Europe3. They were the main financiers of IMF and World Bank. These institutions played a great role in opening up the economies of third world countries, and therefore eroding some elements of their

Emerging Trends in E-Commerce Essay Example for Free

Emerging Trends in E-Commerce Essay 1. Micro-payments – Among the most revolutionary changes in the coming months—not years—is the use of micro-payment systems from a variety of financial firms, e.g., Paypal, Visa, WesternUnion, among others, including banks. This trend is facilitated by the W3C working group that approved these protocols and technical standards for the interworking. These systems will change not only how we carry money but how we value money and think about purchases. (Consider how a purchase of $4.99 feels in a mobile app store vs. at Dunkin Donuts.) Payment systems that make it easier to buy online, coupled with mobile technologies will accelerate the usage of global e-commerce applications. 2. Mobile technologies – More people access the Internet on their mobile devices than on any other device. We are rapidly approaching the time (if we are not already there) where designs must be created for the mobile Web first, and for the desktop second. Mobile technologies facilitate comparison shopping; with the advent of barcode reader apps and price-comparison databases, a consumer could snap a bar code in Walmart and quickly reference product reviews and prices on walmart.com (or compare prices with Walmart competitors). Mobile technologies also facilitate impulse buys – especially with the advent of micro-payments tied to the mobile device. Just recently, Starbucks customers can not only place an order with their Smartphone, but also make a purchase. 3. Social media – As Facebook has become the most visited site on the Web, the role of social media, including Facebook and its local clones such as Twitter, is increasingly important. Social media sites increasingly act as points of entry to e-commerce sites, and vice versa, as e-commerce sites build rating, loyalty and referral systems tied to social media. Group buying (e.g., Groupon) is also gaining mainstream ground, with many deal of the day sites competing for an increasingly savvy consumer base, but improvements lie ahead as the social aspects and user experience are refined. 4. Fulfillment options – I believe that users will want to have multiple fulfillments and return options when interacting with a vendor: ship to address, courier, pick-up in store, return to store, etc. Having many fulfillment options is how customers view their overall customer experience. Some companies have made a business proposition online by being exceptional in service to the online channel (e.g., Zappos). 5. Global availability –Â  Increasingly, consumers want the availability to buy products from foreign sites and have them delivered locally. Thus, currency and customs will be of growing concern to many online retailers. Along with this, there will be concerns with local privacy laws and restrictions on related data collection and storage. 6. Localization – While the trend is to globalize, what’s often more important is to localize. User Centric’s research clearly shows that sites that ‘feel’ local – with proper imagery, language, time/date, weights/measures, currency, etc. – resonate far more than sites that seem culturally distant or sterile. 7. Customizability – Consumers want control, and want to be able to design the details of the items they purchase. 8. Time-based availability – Some of the hottest and most successful sites are those that have a time-critical response component. Sites like Groupon, Gilt and others capitalize on the perception of limited-time availability. Creating a sense of urgency drives traffic and purchase behavior.

Isotope Coded Affinity Tag: Applications and Benefits

Isotope Coded Affinity Tag: Applications and Benefits Proteomics is a vital and necessary branch of science targeted at the in-depth study of proteins and their structure to understand their function; as an important pharmacological tool in drug discovery and drug development. The most widely used analytical approach to protein separation and quantification, usually involves integrating protein separation by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with micro capillary reverse phase-liquid chromatography protein identification; and finally, detection by mass spectrometry. However, the presence of limitations such as the lack of automation and high costs associated within the combination technique led to the research and introduction of a better and more reliable technique involving the use of isotope coded affinity tags (ICAT). This report looks at the history of isotope coded affinity tags, its advantages over 2D electrophoretic techniques, the principles associated with the technique, its development over the years and finally its application and contribution to the growth and development of analytical science. It also aims to comment on future developmental routes for the technology. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Jump to) A. Background B. Introduction to protein quantification B.1. 2D Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis B.2. Reverse Phase High Liquid Chromatography B.3. Mass Spectrometry B.4. Problems associated with 2DLC-MS combination technique C. Introduction to Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs)   C.1. Major advancements in isotope coded affinity tag approach D. Principles of Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs) D.1. Protein Sampling D.2. ICAT reagent Tagging D.3. Peptide Isolation D.4. Protein quantification D.5. Peptide identification E. Applications of Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs) E.1. Applications in the quantitative identification of cancer  biomarkers E.2. Applications in the quantification of antimalarial drugs  and their metabolites in biological fluids E.3. Quantification of protein expression in oxidative-stressed liver  cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver disease E.4. Quantitative analysis of defaulted proteins present in the brain as  a therapeutic target for the treatment of brain diseases E.5. Applications in the proteomic analysis of recombinant proteins F. Future Development of Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs) BACKGROUND Proteins are very important components of biologically active systems and some of their functions include structural foundation (connective tissue), transportation (carrier proteins) or immunity (antibodies). Specific and selective protein-protein interactions within the body are the basis for key metabolic and kinetic pathways within living organisms. A disruption in a specific proteins interaction and function, leading to a small or large interference in the subsequent metabolic pathway within the body due to any number of reasons; is the major cause of disease which if not dealt with, can lead to fatality. For this reason, Proteomics is a vital and necessary branch of science targeted at the in-depth study of proteins and their structures; to understand their function as an important pharmacological tool in drug discovery and drug development. Developments in proteomics and genomics over the years through quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies and computer aid ed drug design (CADD), has helped to identify novel drugs and their targets for action. INTRODUCTION TO PROTEIN QUANTIFICATION The use of Isotope coded affinity tags as a protein quantification method in proteomics was first developed in 1999 by Aebersold et al. to aid the detection and purification of recombinant proteins[1]. Before the research done in 1999, most widely used approaches to protein quantification were done by 2D Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D PAGE) combined with micro-capillary Liquid reversed phase liquid chromatography (2DLC) and novel electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) technique for detection [2]. B.1. 2D POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS This is because 2D Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is very well known for its sensitivity and high resolving separation power. It is also a highly adaptable technique, and its resourcefulness makes it highly sort after for the separation of biological molecules including proteins, based on both physiochemical properties and other chemical-specific interactions. The limit of detection is well documented to a resolution of more than 7000 macromolecules in a singular separation. A large variety and combination of solvents and additives can be used with 2D-PAGE electrophoretic technique to ensure analytes solubility within complex protein mixtures. B.2. REVERSE PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY The inclusion of liquid chromatography as a second separation step also allows for the further separation of the protein mixtures based on difference in retention properties of the components. Recent breakthrough in the analytical approach to liquid chromatography involves the used of two HPLC pumps connected through a detailed 6-port valve system; which results in a more comprehensive separation by gradient elution of complex protein mixtures at high speed and quick run times. B.3. MASS SPECTROMETRY Finally, a mass spectrometric technique (Electrospray ionization (EIMS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS)) which provides a UV detection of protein and measures the mass to charge ratios of the eluted peptides is employed. The detector produces a comprehensive chromatogram by plotting UV signals against their corresponding reverse phase retention times, and then the ESI-MS/MS-MS provides mass information for the eluted peptides. Figure 2: The construction of a 2DLC column and its interface with mass spectrometry. (A) A pressure bomb is used for column packing and sample loading. (B) The flow rate of in the 2-D column is controlled at 100-300 nL/min, and ESI is achieved by applying 2 kV to the gold wire.[4 5] B.4. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2DLC-MS COMBINATION TECHNIQUE However, in spite of the popularity of the combination technique, a number of limitations exist that makes the technique far from perfect. It has been documented that complex proteins and peptides with very high alkalinity or basicity and some trans-membrane proteins cannot be separated by this combination method. Also during total cell analysis, the combinatorial technique was found to readily accommodate highly abundant protein separation with the lower abundant proteins being scarcely detected. The over process also requires several sequential stages including difficult techniques such as in-gel digestion; making the combination technique highly labour intensive, difficult to automate and hence non-cost effective. This called for a further development in proteomic research to overcome these problems by possibly avoiding the separation step by electrophoresis and hence the introduction of the use of novel Isotope coded affinity tags (ICAT). INTRODUCTION TO ISOTOPE CODED AFFINITY TAGS The approach of isotope coded affinity tagging mainly combined with a form of high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a relatively new and improved method used in proteomics for the precise quantification and identification of protein sequences within simple or complex protein mixtures. It has been documented to be simpler as it is capable of directly quantifying the proteins from complex mixtures, eliminating the electrophoretic stage. This makes isotope coded affinity tagging more efficient, easily-automated and hence a lot less labour and cost intensive than the electrophoretic process. The use of ICAT is the new and preferred analytical method for protein quantification. Isotope coded affinity tagging is based on a class of chemical reagents called Isotope coded affinity tags (ICAT). The ICAT reagent occurs in two forms depending on the number of deuteriums; light containing none or heavy containing eight. ICAT reagents are made up of three major functional units: A distinct chemically reactive group responsible for the selective labelling of the SH groups of thiol (cysteine) residues, An isotope coded linker responsible for the soluble properties of the reagent and it also provides a site for the addition of the isotopic label, And a biotin affinity tag used to achieve protein isolation and identification. It depends on the principle of strong binding interaction of biotin and avidin. C 1. MAJOR ADVANCEMENTS IN ISOTOPE CODED AFFINITY TAG LABELLING Since the technique was initially introduced in 1999 for the labelling of protein mixtures at low levels, there have been valuable technological advancements in the approach using isotope coded affinity tags (ICATs) within the pharmaceutical industry. These include: The design and modification of affinity tags to improve on the chromatographic separation process. [25] The use of variable peptide specific affinity tags to maximise large-scale quantification on individual processes. [25] An introduction to the combination of different tags to achieve maximum proteome industry [21] The use of exopeptidases to efficiently remove the affinity tags from the peptides in the purification stage [22, 23] D. PRINCIPLES OF ISOTOPE CODED AFFINITY TAG (ICAT) APPROACH Isotope coded affinity tags are used for identifying and quantifying the protein content of two different cell states or population within a mixture. The technique is based largely on two concepts: The peptide sequence of the protein to be quantified (between 5-25 Amino acids long) contains sufficient information to identify that unique protein. And those peptides tagged with the light and heavy reagents respectively are chemically identical and hence serve as very ideal internal standards for quantification. Figure 4. A schematic diagram for the ICAT approach to protein quantification. The principles of Isotope coded affinity tags as documented by Aebersold et al. are divided into four stages: Sampling, Tagging, Isolation and Quantification. D.1. PROTEIN SAMPLING Firstly, two different protein samples containing reduced cysteine (thiol) side chains are individually derived; by breaking down the cell structure, and isolating and extracting the proteins required from the cell. D.2. ICAT REAGENT TAGGING For one of the protein samples, the light form of the ICAT reagent (containing zero deuterium) is introduced to covalently bind to the SH cysteine residues; whilst for the other, the heavy form of ICAT reagent (containing eight deuterium) is used. The individual labelled mixtures represent different cell states or populations. The two samples are then combined into one complex protein mixture and a protease enzyme is added to cut-up or cleave the larger protein molecules into tagged smaller peptides fragments. D.3. PEPTIDE ISOLATION Avidin is then introduced to the mixture to act as a magnet and due to the strong and highly specific binding interaction of biotin and avidin, the ICAT-tagged peptides are isolated from the mixture through affinity chromatography. The isolated peptides are then analysed and separated by micro-capillary high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). D.4. PROTEIN QUANTIFICATION This is the most important step of the analytical process as the quantity and sequence identity of the proteins from which the tagged peptides originated, are automatically determined. Quantification is achieved by comparing the integrated peak intensities for simultaneously eluted pairs of identical, doubly charged peptide ions. The pair corresponds to the two different forms of the ICAT reagent with the mass spectrometer running successively in two modes. One mode measures the comparative fragmenting of peptides eluting from the micro-capillary column whilst the other records the sequence information of the tagged peptides in the same molar ratios as the corresponding proteins. This also means that the chemically identical ICAT-labelled peptide ions are readily identified because as they co-elute, they differ in mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio because of an 8 deuterium difference in the mass of the ICAT-reagents. D.5. PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION The final stage of isotope coded affinity tagging involves an automated correlation with protein sequence data banks using algorithms and permutations, to identify the protein from which the sequenced peptide originated and hence identify the protein. A combination of all results generated on the chromatogram by the mass spectrometer; and analysis of the ICAT reagent-labelled peptides therefore determines the relative quantities as well as the sequence identities of the components of protein mixtures in a single automated operation. In mass spectrometry, the ratios between the intensities of the lower and upper mass components of these pairs of peaks provide an accurate measure of the relative abundance of the peptides (and hence the proteins) in the original cell pools because the MS intensity response to a given peptide is independent of the isotopic composition of the ICAT reagents. E. APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPE CODED AFFINITY TAGS The use of ICAT reagent -labelled internal standards, has now become a common and fundamental practice in quantitative mass spectrometry. It has been researched to great advantage in a number of different fields of biochemistry. E.1. Quantitative identification of Cancer biomarkers [9,10] Analytical methods that employ isotope coded affinity tags are very useful and hence popular in the development of high throughput approach to early cancer detection in humans. [9]The significant quantification and identification of cancer biomarkers using ICAT reagents is a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this case, protein samples containing cancerous and non-cancerous cells are denatured and reduced to expose the cysteine -SH peptide residues contained. They can then subsequently labelled with the light or heavy forms of isotope coded affinity tags in vivo using stable isotopic labelling (SILAC; (e.g., 2H, 13C, 15N, and 18O)) or in vitro using isobaric tags (iTRAQ). This approach allows expressed proteins and peptides in malignant, cancer-derived cells to be compared with non-cancerous cells.[8] The use of labelled peptides as internal standards allows for relative and/or absolute estimation and quantification of the abundance of the differential proteins present. Emer ging technologies such as the use of protein microarrays are opportunities presently being researched and developed for future improvements in cancer biomarker identification. [10] E.2. Quantification of antimalarial drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids [7] Malaria is a deadly disease responsible for millions of deaths every year, in many tropical and developing countries. Antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, mefloquine and pyrimethamine and their metabolites; interact with specific dihydrofolate enzymatic sites in plasmodium falciparum malaria. Since enzymes are largely made up of proteins, many enzymatic functions are made up of peptide peptide interactions. Isotope coded affinity tagging combined with high performance liquid chromatography has been documented by Kalpesh N. P. et al, 2010 [7] to be a reliable method for the selective determination and quantification of these potent antimalarial drugs in biological fluids. ICAT reagents are very useful in the extraction stage of the antimalarial drug from a biological matrix as they provide high peptide selectivity and specificity, to avoid interference from multiple antimalarial combination, or endogenous peptides that exist within the matrix. The use of the ICAT approach has grea tly aided research and development into the pharmacokinetics of different antimalarial drugs especially Chloroquine.[7,8] E.3. Quantification of protein expression in oxidative-stressed liver cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver disease [12] A major pathogenic event recurrent in several variations of liver diseases in humans, involves oxidative stress of the liver caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Hepatocytes normally have mechanisms responsible for the regulation of oxidative and anti-oxidative molecules within the cell. However, the presence of reactive oxygen species in the liver affects major cellular components including cell proteins, and eventually, the cells regulatory ability. This leads to metabolic or proliferative liver disease and eventual cell fatality.[13] Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are largely represented by mitochondria and cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver cells. The expression of certain protein molecules termed as biomarkers within oxidative-stressed liver cells, and their subsequent quantification using ICAT reagents, can enable an early detection of liver disease. It can also allow for the progressive monitoring of liver damage as a therapeutic target to the treatment of liver disease.[15] E.4. Quantitative analysis of defaulted proteins present in the brain as a therapeutic target for the treatment of brain diseases. The brain is a very complex structure, vital to the existence of mankind. However, a lot of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the normal function and mis-function of the brain have not been fully researched. Research into quantitatively characterising the human brain proteome and using the analysis to understand important cell signalling mechanisms [16], is a very important area of neuropoteomics (i.e. proteomic research and development). The large scale use of stable isotope coded affinity tags in quantitative analysis of complex brain matrixes has helped to provide internal standards for relevant peptides that are chemically similar but isotopically different. These internal standards can be used to correctly identify important biomarkers present in the brain as in epilepsy[17]; or absent biomarkers as in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease[18]. E.5. Applications in the proteomic analysis of recombinant proteins High-throughput approaches to the quantification and identification of proteins, is widely applied in the industrial synthesis of therapeutic enzymes. [19] Proteomic analysis on most recombinant proteins, struggle with very low yields and poor solubility which greatly affects the ability to achieve high-throughput protein purification. Quantitative methods that employ isotope coded affinity tags have been documented to be the only way to achieve selective high-throughput protein purification with improved yields, solubility and folding of the recombinant protein, during the process [19]. This is because, purification processes by biotin affinity normal resulting in great yields of over 90%, making it very economically favourable. Combinations of two or more isotopic tags are typically needed to make the most of high-throughput screening.[1] THE FUTURE OF ISOTOPE CODED AFFINITY TAGS (ICATs) The main application area of isotope coded affinity approach is in the identification of biomarkers as a therapeutic target for disease treatment and prevention. The future of analytical techniques that use Isotope coded affinity tags for peptide-labelling includes:

Ambition Essay -- Definition Ambitious Essays

Ambition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I could really start to write about ambition, I had to ask myself what ambition really was. What causes people to be ambitious, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of being an ambitious person? At first, I must admit it was fairly difficult to comprehend. But I found it to all come together when I related it to another kind of person or group of people – dreamers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think of ambitious people I think of dreamers. These are the people with hopes of one day conquering and ruling the world single handedly, and having everything work out just the way they want it to. I also feel that an ambitious person is a confident one. And because of this, they feel there is nothing they cannot accomplish. There are they types of people who often set goals so high and glamorous that they often set themselves up for disappointment when things do not work out their way. This, I guess, would qualify to be one of the disadvantages of ambition. But since I am the kind of person who believes that the sky is the limit, and if you put your mind to it you can accomplish anything, I choose to stay away from the disadvantages of ambition for the time being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evver since I was a little boy, I have always been ambitious. But who wasn’t? Before writing this paper, I did a little research to help me better understand the different forms of ambition, and if it differs between younger and older groups of people. I sat and asked my little brother what he ...

A research paper Essay

A research paper needs to have references written by scholars on the subject matter in order be taken as an esteemed paper worthy to be used also as reference by students and researchers alike in their quest for knowledge. Hence, we find it hard to conceive a situation wherein a researcher is able to make a paper without the support of references and literature on the topic the researcher chooses. If a research is resourceful, there are other ways to find and get the necessary information and data to finish a particular research paper. Current literature is not the best reference alone. In fact, in lieu to this, interviewing certain individuals or groups of people is a good alternative. One gets first-hand information from persons knowledgeable on the particular topic of his/her study. These persons who are sources of information could steer your way also to other sources of data which are not found in libraries and current literature. They may give you age-old documents, things which might be of value to your research. Another alternative to derive data is to for the researcher to make or put up his/her own experiments. The information from the experiment could contribute new knowledge to a particular field of study. One gains information also from conversing with other researchers, scholars, and instructors. Still another alternative is to do on-site research wherein one visits the place of inquiry and gather samples therein. One can distribute questionnaires also to gather information. The possibilities and modes of gathering data are limitless. One has to be determined to find these alternative ways of doing research. In doing so, a researcher adds much needed knowledge to the world in order for humanity to progress further.

Dead Poets Society: Film Techniques Essay

Keating believed in educating the boys to be â€Å"free thinkers†. How did this teaching of his philosophy have a positive and/or negative impact on the boys? How has Peter Weir used film techniques to reflect this positive and/or negative impact? Throughout the duration of the film, Dead Poets Society directed by Peter Weir, a number of film techniques are expressed to reflect the positive but also the negative impacts of Mr John Keating’s unorthodox and bizarre teaching methods towards his students. The film is set at the conservative and traditional Welton Academy in Vermont, United States in 1959 as it follows the story of the newly appointed English teacher, Mr John Keating. He is conveyed as an inspirational and influential mentor to his students about independent views and living life to its fullest through his teaching of poetry. Weir uses film techniques to show these positive impacts of Keating’s teaching philosophy to be â€Å"free thinkers† on Neil Perry, a student who deals with much pressure from his father to pursue his dream of acting, and Todd Anderson, who is portrayed as a very humble, self conscious and shy character. Keating’s style of teaching; however, led to the negative impact of Charlie Dalton, who is a popular but also a rebellious character in the film. Due to Mr Keating’s philosophy in teaching, Neil’s engagement in acting and poetry expanded significantly eventually leading to his death.  Weir has used Neil Perry as the protagonist to convey a numerous amount of film techniques to display Keating’s belief in educating the boys to be â€Å"free thinkers†. Near the beginning of the film, Neil is shown to have a great amount of pressure applied on him by his father’s high standards so that he graduates from Welton to become a doctor. â€Å"We expect big things from you this year.† â€Å"Don’t worry, he won’t disappoint.† This is said by Mr Nolan, the school headmaster, followed by Neil’s father, Mr Perry, and demonstrates the compression put upon Neil to succeed. This  scene shows a number of close up angles and high angles of Neil to show his apprehension and sense of vulnerability to the audience. From Keating’s first few lessons about poetry and its importance in life, Neil and the other students are inspired to create the â€Å"Dead Poets Society.† This group is created from the motivation of Keating’s beliefs about poetry and expressing your feelings in a positive perspective. Long shots and eerie music are used when the boys are running through the woods to their first meeting in a small and concluded cave. This is to create a rebellious atmosphere, as it is a key theme in the film from Keating’s motives. When the students arrive at the cave, Neil is portrayed as the leader of the group, which shows his confident and friendly characteristics where he reads most of the poetry. This is demonstrated by the use of close up angles and low angles looking up at Neil to emphasise what he is saying and his power over the other students. Soon after the student’s first meeting, Keating shows the boys to look at life in a different perspective by standing on his desk. This helps Neil understand to have his own decisions in life and be a â€Å"free thinker.† â€Å"Look at it another way†. Keating says this in order for the students to have independent views in life. Low angles looking up at the students when they are on the desk are used to show the power and potential they have. Due to Mr Perry’s harsh rules and ideas on him, it caused Neil’s death because of his love for poetry and acting became too great for him where he was allowed to partake in them. This ultimately suggests that Keating’s teaching methods had a negative influence on him. Essentially, these film techniques are shown to indicate Keating’s views about poetry and expressing ones thoughts in a positive outlook, and influencing Neil even though it did lead to his death. Throughout the film, Todd Anderson’s personality and character changes significantly as a result of Keating’s ways in teaching poetry and expressing ones feelings through Weir’s film techniques. Much like Neil, Todd is immediately put under pressure from Mr Nolan when arriving at his new school on welcome day when the headmaster states, â€Å"You have big shoes to fill, Mr Anderson.† A close up angle is shown directly at Todd in order to show his lack of confidence after his brother’s success at Welton. This underlies the traits developed by Todd during the majority of film to show  his characterisation as a very self-conscious and uncertain person. This uncertainty as a person is evident when he states, â€Å"If I say something, people won’t listen.† Moreover, this quote outlines the personal difficulty and feelings Todd is experiencing because of the pressure from his new friends and school. Todd’s character changes however, where Keating’s philosophy in teaching has a very positive outlook on him. A very important turning point in Todd’s character because of this teaching occurs when Keating strongly encourages him to read a made up poem on the spot to the class about a given picture. A 360o tracking shot and fast intense music is used by Weir to show confusion to the audience of what is happening. The music and spinning of the camera becomes faster to increase the tension generated by Todd’s newly created poetry encouraged strongly Keating. From this, it is obvious that Todd’s character differs as he realises the concept of expressing ones’ thoughts from Keating about poetry due to the film techniques shown by Weir. Weir portrays Charlie Dalton as a very rebellious character through film techniques and the negative influence of Keating’s teaching methods on him. This is apparent in Keating’s first lesson of teaching poetry, where he advises the students to â€Å"rip out† the introduction to poetry section in their textbooks. As the students are confused and uneasy about this task, Charlie rips the page out immediately, with a close up angle of him to demonstrate his daring character. Keating’s teaching methods however, cause Charlie to get expelled from Welton. â€Å"Sucking the marrow out of life doesn’t mean choking on the bone.† Keating says this metaphor in order to show how being â€Å"free thinkers† does not mean pulling foolish stunts, which have consequences. Within this scene, Keating states, â€Å"There’s a time for daring and a time for caution and a wise man knows which is called for.† He expresses this to outline the imp ortance of knowing when to be unruly and when to remain in the rules. Weir uses dull lighting within the room to show the despondent and depressed. From evidence, Keating’s philosophy in teaching is shown to lead to the negative impacts on Charlie where he is expelled. The director, Peter Weir, has used many techniques throughout the film to  show Keating’s beliefs for his students to have independent views and live life to its fullest by being their sole mentor and inspiration. Keating caused Neil to open up to his identity to discover a love for acting and create the â€Å"Dead Poets Society† by being the leader in a way. Todd’s character during the film changed dramatically from self-conscious to confident in his own ability due to Keating’s theories about life where he discovered a talent in poetry. Although, apart from the positives, Charlie’s characteristics cause him get expelled because of his daring and rebellious character. Weir has explored these characters to convey their views from Keating and the film techniques of Weir help demonstrate this.