Marshal Dylan: A Typical Law Man in Gun Smoke :: Gun Smoke

There are many char motioneristics that become standard for the typical law man. just while listening to a few episodes of Gun Smoke the characteristics of a law man is very well distinguished. The typical law man portrays a character all of his own differing from that of anybody else. In the episodes of Gun Smoke, Matt Dylan is the Marshal of Dodge City, Kansas. Through the character of Marshal Dylan the idea of the law man is portrayed. Dylan seems to act out the part of Marshall in three different circumstances. There is the way that Dylan interacts and responds to his friends. On the other hand Dylan turn tos with his enemies altogether differently but with the comparable basic principles. Finally the last way the Marshal Dylan reveals his character is through interactions with strangers. No matter what kind of people the law man must deal with he is always wise, patient, and a strong leader. The way Matt Dylan treats his friends is a bit different than the way he treats every body else. This is where we get to see the softer side of Mr. Dylan. Although his genius might somewhat differ, his normal relationship with others it is hardly an emotional one. One major character trait of Dylan that plays throughout is his stern personality and lack of words. correct though he was a stern man there was very much caring in his tone when he would interact with Miss consortium. He wasnt much of a smooth talker either he simply says what needs to be said and goes about his business. At one point Dylan asks Miss Kitty if she would like a couple of drinks she agrees but when she suggests to sit at the table he doesnt give it a moments thought before rejecting the idea and telling her where they will be sitting. We can conclude form this that the typical law man wasnt much of a ladies man at all. There is also the way Dylan interacts with his lieutenant Chester many times the relationship between Chester and Dylan was a serious business one, but throughout there wer e several times when we could see Dylan open up a little more. When things were a little less stressful, Dylans humorous side came out somewhat while teasing Chester for either falling asleep on the job or laughing at him for wanting to sit and watch the train.

Subliminal Perception, Neuropsychology, and the I-Function :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Unconscious Processing Subliminal Perception, Neuropsychology, and the I-FunctionIn his 1957 book The Hidden Persuaders, Vance Packard warned the American public that Large-scale efforts be being made, often with impressive success, to channel our unthinking habits, our purchasing decisions, and our thought processes... Typically these efforts take place beneath our level of awareness so that the appeals which turn tail us are often, in a sense, hidden (1). Packard was convinced - perhaps rightly so - that advertisers were professional persuaders whose marketing techniques were deceptive and overly manipulative. Not solitary(prenominal) were advertisers becomingly increasingly adept at developing campaigns, pitches, and slogans to send specific messages to targeted consumer populations, but some had gone so far as to suggest that such messages could be effective even if they were presented below the level of conscious awareness. James Vicary, one of the market researchers and ent repreneurs profiled in Packards book, claimed to have developed a machine satisfactory of flashing such unnoticeable, subliminal messages within big screen movies. Vicary had allegedly tested his technique by altering movies so that messages urging viewers to run down Popcorn and to Drink Coke were displayed at regular intervals throughout the film for such brief durations that they could not be consciously perceived. Vicary claimed that his subliminal messages resulted in a significant increase in sales of popcorn and coke (1). Although no experiment involving subliminal messages has ever replicated the success which Vicary claimed to have achieved and, in fact, Vicary later admitted that it had been no more than a marketing gimmick, the possibility of subliminal or unconscious(p) perception has not been dismissed. In fact, although the use of subliminal messages is generally considered a unwise and invalid practice, the more general phenomenon of subliminal/unconscious percept ion deserves to be reevaluated in light of current debates surrounding the nature of consciousness. Subliminal or unconscious perception refers to the idea that stimuli presented below the threshold for conscious awareness can influence an individuals thoughts, feelings, or actions (2). The possibility that an individual can acquire and act on input without being aware of doing so has implications for the study of consciousness and the larger set of processes which characterize the I-function. It is generally assumed that that conscious perception of a remark is necessary in order to act on that stimulus, and this conscious decision to act is one of several processes which characterize the I-function.

The American Revolution: A War for Independence Essay -- American War o

The American Revolution was a fight for independence. It was a war which was fought for equal rights and the freedom of a would be nation. It showed the pure courage and heart of the American colonists by pitting them against a much more powerful opponent. The British had the best army in the world, and the colonists were often just poor farmers armed with their hunting muskets. It was truly a case of David versus Goliath. The reasons, course, and out place of the American Revolution provided the gross(a) scenario for achieving independence. The ideas behind the revolution came much earlier than 1776. They came from deep within the Enlightenment. Although there was not much support behind these ideas, it is important to note that they existed. Stress had been grammatical construction in the colonies since the end of the Seven Years War. For the first time ever there was a standing British army in the colonies. The British had just about doubled their nationa l debt defending their colonies, and they felt it was time for the colonies to start contributing some money. The colonists were expected to care for the British soldiers in the colonies. They would feed, clothe, and house these soldiers. The soldiers were there for the individual purpose of tightening Englands grip on her colony. Needless to say, this did not please the colonists very much. They had enjoyed freedom under a neglectful Britain in the early 1700s. instantly they face the possibility of losing all they had gained. The American Revolution was directly set off by continuous arguments over increased taxes. The first tax to come was in the form of the Navigation Acts. The Navigation Acts were acts passed by the British Parliament to regulate colonial tra... ...ship and cunning diplomacy the colonists surprised the world and won their independence. kit and caboodle Cited- Buckler, John, Bennett D. Hill, and John P. McKay. A History of Western Society. Boston, PA Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975. - Lecky, William E. H. The American Revolution 1763-1783. New York, NY D. Appleton and Company, 1924. - Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic, 1763-1789. Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press, 1956. - Morris, Richard B. The American Revolution A piteous History. Huntington, NY Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1955. - Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of the American Revolution. New York, NY William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991. - Ward, Harry M. The American Revolution Nationhood Achieved 1763-1788. New York, NY St. Martins Press, Inc., 1995.

Amazon.com - A Giant of E-commerce Essay -- Business Management Studie

amazon.com - A Giant of E- avocationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electronic commerce industries that make e-commerce possible atomic number 18 growing at breakneck speed, alter not only how Americans, but also the global marketplace produces, markets, and acquires goods and services. In the e-commerce industry, it is principally agreed that Amazon.com provides one of the best business model benchmarks today. Amazon.com came online in the pass of 1995 with a mission to use the cyberspace to transform book buying into the fastest, easiest and some enjoyable shopping experience possible. According to their home page Amazon.com since the epitome of 1995 our customer base and product offerings stool grown considerably, millions of people in more than 220 countries have made Amazon.com the leading online shopping site. When you visit Amazon.com, you can buy books, music, videos, and more--by a click of the mouse. While the company has yet to turn a profit, they have revolution ized e-commerce by making customer interaction and feedback part of their brand image. Amazons method is to create a community of consumers. Much of their products speaks for themselves, so the customer feedback provides an objective measuring stick for the integrity of Amazons services. Individuals may express their opinions on all available products. Promoting such favorable business environs Amazon hopes to reinforce awareness and confidence in e-commerce customer population, as well as encouraging best practice among competitors. Amazons combative threats come from other e-commerce, Web sites like Walmart.com, Barnes & Noble.com, Ebay.com, etc. Amazon knows that customers are sensitive to product quality and price, and personal information security so at Amazon.com they can expect to benefit from all three offerings. Amazon.com has a initiative management team led by Mr. Jeffrey P. Bezos founder and companys moderate of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. He has exceptio nal knowledge of the industry. As stated in the home page new release On a single Saturday in July, 100 airplanes and 9,000 trucks delivered more than 250,000 copies of Harry Potter and the chalice of Fire to customers, providing the hottest kids book faster than local bookstores. This action intelligibly shows the powers of our suppliers and buyers. Amazon.com is committed to customer satisfaction despit... ...C. (2001). Amazon to cut product offerings, brush aside layoff clause. meshwork News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the creation Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_578031,00.html. Chait, M. (2001). Amazon releases preliminary q4 highlights. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_554311,00.html Cox, B. (2001). Amazon tops in online ad spending. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_534171,00.html Cox, B., Chait, M. (2001). 1,300 layoffs at Amazon. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_580621,00.html Stepankowsky, P. L.(1998). Cyberspace hits the real world. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.bus.utexas.edu/west/wwwboard/messages/90.htmlfollowupshttp//www.ecommerce.treasury.gov.au/http//www.cordis.lu/esprit/src/ecomcom.htmhttp//www.spectrum.ieee.org/index.htmlhttp//www.ce.cmu.edu/GreenDesign/research.html http//investor.cnet.com/investor/news/newsitem/0-9900-1028-8139066-0.html?tag=ltnc Amazon.com - A Giant of E-commerce rise -- Business Management StudieAmazon.com - A Giant of E-commerceEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electronic commerce industries that make e-commerce possible are growing at breakneck speed, altering not only how Americans, but also the global marketplace produces, markets, and acquires goods and services. In the e-commerce industry, it is generally a greed that Amazon.com provides one of the best business model benchmarks today. Amazon.com came online in the summer of 1995 with a mission to use the Internet to transform book buying into the fastest, easiest and most enjoyable shopping experience possible. According to their home page Amazon.com since the summary of 1995 our customer base and product offerings have grown considerably, millions of people in more than 220 countries have made Amazon.com the leading online shopping site. When you visit Amazon.com, you can buy books, music, videos, and more--by a click of the mouse. While the company has yet to turn a profit, they have revolutionized e-commerce by making customer interaction and feedback part of their brand image. Amazons method is to create a community of consumers. Much of their products speaks for themselves, so the customer feedback provides an objective measuring stick for the integrity of Amazons services. Individuals may express their opinions on all av ailable products. Promoting such favorable business environment Amazon hopes to reinforce awareness and confidence in e-commerce customer population, as well as encouraging best practice among competitors. Amazons competitive threats come from other e-commerce, Web sites like Walmart.com, Barnes & Noble.com, Ebay.com, etc. Amazon knows that customers are sensitive to product quality and price, and personal information security so at Amazon.com they can expect to benefit from all three offerings. Amazon.com has a world-class management team led by Mr. Jeffrey P. Bezos founder and companys Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. He has exceptional knowledge of the industry. As stated in the home page new release On a single Saturday in July, 100 airplanes and 9,000 trucks delivered more than 250,000 copies of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire to customers, providing the hottest kids book faster than local bookstores. This action clearly shows the powers of our suppliers and buyers. Amazon.com is committed to customer satisfaction despit... ...C. (2001). Amazon to cut product offerings, drop layoff clause. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_578031,00.html. Chait, M. (2001). Amazon releases preliminary q4 highlights. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_554311,00.html Cox, B. (2001). Amazon tops in online ad spending. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_534171,00.html Cox, B., Chait, M. (2001). 1,300 layoffs at Amazon. Internet News. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.internetnews.com/ec-news/article/0,,4_580621,00.html Stepankowsky, P. L.(1998). Cyberspace hits the real world. Retrieved April 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.bus.utexas.edu/west/wwwboard/messages/90.htmlfollowupsht tp//www.ecommerce.treasury.gov.au/http//www.cordis.lu/esprit/src/ecomcom.htmhttp//www.spectrum.ieee.org/index.htmlhttp//www.ce.cmu.edu/GreenDesign/research.html http//investor.cnet.com/investor/news/newsitem/0-9900-1028-8139066-0.html?tag=ltnc

Sundays :: Personal Narrative Child Abuse Essays

Sundays My mother has always lived her life helping others. That is why it came as no force when she set out on a one woman quest to turn her children into avid-volunteers and general bidders of good will. Around the age of ten, she decided that it was time for me to misuse out and do my part to start saving the world. At the time, being an every day hero was the last thing on my mind, and in my eye it was much more of a chore than an opportunity. As time went on however, it began to open my eyes to my own life and the lives of others. Its good for you it will throw you out of trouble those were her famous words. So on life went, as I worn-out(a) year after year testing the rough amnionic fluid of one service project after another. I had no choice in the matter. It was her belief that I was to always be busy. A life spent wasting my time away having FUN was just not acceptable. She even went so far as to sign me up to serve my time in the local sm either-town library in Sandy Pond, New York, while we were there on vacation. I knew I was doomed. As I got bored with one project, I would move on to the next endeavor. In four years, I had become a registered volunteer in three libraries, a hospital, the Special Olympics, the New propagation 10K, Grand Canyon State Games, a homeless shelter, and the Race for the Cure. In each new challenge, I was there more to disport my mother than to please myself. Lost in the jumble of good deeds and service hours, I eventually stumbled upon a small organization called the Child Crisis Center. Just like all the others, it started off with the same famous phrase. Its good for you it will keep you out of trouble. I can still remember my first day. I passed through the endless security doors, and my nose scrunched in horror from a stench that was a mix between a hospital and a playpen.

Sundays :: Personal Narrative Child Abuse Essays

Sundays My mother has always lived her feel helping others. That is why it came as no surprise when she set out on a one char quest to turn her children into avid-volunteers and general bidders of good lead. Around the age of ten, she decided that it was clipping for me to step out and do my part to start saving the world. At the time, being an every day hero was the last thing on my mind, and in my eyes it was much more of a chore than an opportunity. As time went on however, it began to open my eyes to my own life and the lives of others. Its good for you it will keep you out of trouble those were her famous words. So on life went, as I spent year after year testing the rough waters of one military service project after another. I had no choice in the matter. It was her belief that I was to always be busy. A life spent wasting my time away having FUN was just not acceptable. She even went so far as to sign me up to serve my time in the local sm all-town library in Sandy Pond, New York, plot of land we were there on vacation. I knew I was doomed. As I got bored with one project, I would move on to the next endeavor. In four years, I had become a registered volunteer in three libraries, a hospital, the Special Olympics, the New Times 10K, Grand Canyon State Games, a homeless shelter, and the festinate for the Cure. In each new challenge, I was there more to please my mother than to please myself. Lost in the jumble of good deeds and service hours, I eventually stumbled upon a small organization called the Child Crisis Center. Just like all the others, it started off with the same famous phrase. Its good for you it will keep you out of trouble. I can still remember my first day. I passed through the endless security doors, and my nose scrunched in horror from a stench that was a mix between a hospital and a playpen.

Hausser Food Products Company Сase Study

Summary Due to demographical changes and competition growth Hausser Food Products Company (a lead infant food producer and marketer with a 60% market sh ar) is currently facing a decrease in sales growth and remuneration together with unused capacities of its plant and w arehouse. Hired by HFP researcher finds out from their regional Sales Manager, Brenda Cooper, about the difficulties of motivating her team to come up with forward-looking ideas of selling to increase the sales.Reasons1. HFP target planning doesnt involve people from the field while they are the ones who know the local markets, what is realistic, what their capabilities of selling are whereas they are the ones to finally meet the targets.2. Rewarding scheme is not adjusted to the constantly changing market and working environment. Neither does it motivate employees to achieve higher targets decide year after year nor does it encourage them to share their creative ideas on selling methods and new market opportuniti es.3. HFP management puts too much pressure on paperwork. Such bureaucracy limits the time sales people spend on selling activities.4. The company seems to have a fixed boundary between the elapse managers and regular sales forces. It is divided into us and them. Sales forces dont understand that achieving a general goal is to their own benefit too they are only focused on their personal goal which is receiving yearly bonus.5. Sales meetings are held without Regional Sales Managers such as Brenda Cooper. How to resolve the problem1. partition Managers should be involved in drawing up sales plans together with Regional Sales Managers who should be then communicating those goals to the Sales and Market plan Directors.2. Changes of rewarding system should be made so that extra sales are rewarded more i.e. not only bonus should be increased alone also base salary should be revised. Moreover, creative or innovative ideas of regular employees should be recognized and prized according ly to companys increase in profit so that sales forces dont get the impression of being used tothe companys general benefit.3. Limit the paperwork by involving Regional Sales Manager in sales team meetings which would naturally keep them updated without the necessity of producing numerous papers and reports by sales people.4. Introduce team soldering activities, social events which would be attended all kinds of levels of employees directors, managers and sales people. This would on one hand result in informationexchange crucial to the directors and on the separate hand in building-up of sense of belonging to the company as a whole and understanding the role of an individual in a company.

Write a detailed character study on Heathcliff, focusing on the theme of evil and the question of whether he might really be a demon

Heathcliff arrives in the summer of 1771, a sm any, withdrawn boy. The old Mr. Earnshaw found him in the streets of Liverpool, and feeling compassion for the dirty, ragged black-haired child, he took him rachis to Wuthering Heights.He becomes an adopted member of the Earnshaw family and as they know nonhing about him background he is immediately labelled as a gypsy and bandaged to remain an out human facer, in exile from society receivable to his actions and personality.Straight by, his actions begin to put him apart from other people. He is a sullen, patient child hardened perhaps, to ill treatment. An example of this is when Hindley throws a rock at Heathcliff, and, instead of crying he receives the blow and gets up again. Hindley sees Heathcliff as a usurper of his fathers affections, and he grows bitter because of this, referring to Heathlcliff as an imp of Satan.Heathcliff let distri scarceively incident like this pass, and showed no outward emotion towards his abuser. In stead opting to bottle it and let his avenging build up, e.g. Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I dont care how long I wait, if I can only do it, at last. I hope he testament not die before I do. For Heathcliff, the world becomes an increasing trying place to be in either to be shrunk back from, or lashed out at.To cope with the torrent of abuse directed at him from almost everyone he meets, he takes on a devilish character. aft(prenominal) adopting this role, he uses it to get revenge by making everyone elses life as difficult as possible.While Heathcliff is pondering on how to get back at Hindley and the others, he becomes oblivious to any insults or hardship he comes across allowing it only to stoke the fire of revenge and letting him be secure in the fact that they shall get what is due in time. For example when asked why he should not leave retri notwithstandingion to God, Heathcliff replies No, God wont have the satisfaction that I shall. I only wish I kne w the best way Let me alone and Ill plan it out while Im hark backing of that, I dont feel pain.Although at this point, Heathcliff could be called evil for making peoples lives around him miserable, even Nelly, with her simplistic view of the situation decided that Hindley, because of Frances death, had become so malicious that it was enough to make a ogre of a saint. This is not enough to let Heathcliff completely off the hook though as Hindleys actions are partly justified and Heathcliff interprets them differently, as he is quite young (all he sees is the abuse, not the reason why the abuse is given). In this way, Heathcliffs actions later in the novel are partly down to his naiveness/ignorance when confronted with certain situations.Heathcliff is not especially bright (at least consciously). This means that he sometimes does not take all of the factors of a situation into account when he makes up his mind to do something. Something I think Heathcliff has extreme difficulty in interpreting other peoples actions through their perspectives. For instance when Hindley threw a rock at Heathcliff when he was younger, Heathcliff only saw Hindley as the person who hurt him, not Hindley as an insecure boy who saw his father being taken away from him. Even Catherine did not see or help Heathcliff understand this, she only served as a catalyst that made Heathcliff want to aim strong and think of better times when they would be together.As life at Wuthering Heights was continually wearing him down, Heathcliffs assumed character began to assert itself even much. The next dissever illustrates thisHe had, by that time, lost the benefit of his early education continual hard work, begun soon and concluded late, had extinguished any curiosity he erst possessed in pursuit of knowledge, and any love for books or learning. And alsoPersonal appearance sympathised with mental deterioration he acquired a slouching gate, and ignoble lookThey serve to make evident that the ha rd physical labour, combined with the mental anguish Heathcliff is constantly suffering is taking its toll. Heathcliff loses all interest in bettering himself and conforming to established rules of etiquette and society. Instead he becomes withdrawn and so subdued that it seems as though he wakes up only to get the day over with. He took a grim pleasure, apparently, in exciting aversion rather than the esteem of his few acquaintance.When Heathcliff returns after running away, his character is more refined, cleaner and little confused. He no longer has mixed emotion and acts as if he has a plan to apply to life and steadily works on each waypoint towards the final goal.A half-civilised ferocity lurked yet in the depressed brows, and eyes full of black fire, but it was subdued and his manner was even dignified, quite divested of primitivism though too stern for grace.It shows how Heathcliff still has the strong, passionate outward shell. But inwardly he has learned to control how h e reacts. The alternate evil side has completely taken over, leaving Heathcliff emotionally cold, yet bent on revenge. Only now he is equipped to carry it out using his mastermind rather that his hands. He knows how he is to accomplish it and will nab at nothing to finish what has been started.It is noticeable that he does not try and hide what he is doing. Instead giving deep speeches to anyone who will stand to listen. His craving for revenge is so intense that it seems to leak as an aura around his body and disrupt the lives of those who come into hitting with him. Has but to speak to cause tempers to flare, emotions to rise, and situations to go to excess.The realisation that Heathcliff has not changed in his attitude since going away is to late for action to be taken to stop it and the groomed version of Heathcliff is described as he was when he counterbalance arrived. An unreclaimed creature, without refinement without cultivation an arid furiouserness of furze and whins tone.He bends people towards his will with ease, and before they know it he has coolly, calmly, and collectedly used them for his own purpose and then dropped them with nothing.Edgar sums up Heathcliff to a poignant sentence Your presence is a example poison that would contaminate the most virtuous. And, as Isabella writes after she has eloped with Heathcliff Is Mr Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil?.Isabella does not explain what Heathcliff has been doing, but to constitute the above questions, it cannot have been normal.Heathcliffs revenge plan begins to fall into place when he confronts Hindley in his house. Catherine again acts as a catalyst by stuffy the two to a room and Heathcliff manages to rile Hindley so much that he draws a gun and knife on him. Hindley realises that he has been duped out of his house, his money, and all his possessions and wants to knock off Heathcliff for it.Oh, damnation I will have it back and Ill have his gold too and th en his blood and hell shall have his soul It will be ten times blacker with that guest than it ever was before.Heathcliff must have been pleased to see that Hindley was now suffering in the same way that he had and also that he had mostly accomplished what he came for.Heathcliffs effect can also be illustrated by the change in appearance and character of Isabella. When she first eloped with Heathcliff, she was young, nave, and very outgoing. When she came back however she already partook of the pervading spirit of neglect which encompassed her. Her pretty face was wan and listless her hair uncurled some locks break lankly down, and some carelessly twisted round her enquiry. Probably she had not touched her dress since yester evening.A double side to Heathcliff begins to emerge when Catherine begins to get ill. Edgar hides in his books and studies as anything he does will not help her to recover, while Heathcliff continues his vendetta when he could help Catherine.The only thing st opping him is Catherines love for Edgar.The moment her regard ceased, I would have torn his heart out, and drank his blood But, till then, I would have died by inches before I touched a single hair of his headThis shows that although Heathcliffs darker side is plainly visible, he has a set of morals that he stands by. One of them being that any close friends of those who have no revenge due are out of the firing line as far as a vendetta goes.Heathcliff succeeds in gaining all the material possessions he wants but does not have the icing on the cake. Because of this, the intensity of his need for more revenge grows exponentially and he becomes even malevolent as he bottles even more anger.I have no pity I have no pity The more the worms write, the more I yearn to crush out their visceraCatherine remains self-centred and, as a final example, drives Heathcliff insane by refusing him any pity.Heathcliff finally loses his drive for retribution and lets his true feelings be known. He lov es Catherine, and she loves him, but settling both of their scores kept them sharing their final goal being together.To conclude, I will decide that Heathcliff is indeed not the Devil, but has had all of the worst coincidences happen to him that lead to him being as unnatural as he is.An extremely bad childhood, combined with his lack of intelligence and empathy, finally commix with the fact that he has very strong emotions anyway make Heathcliffs actions easy to understand, yet hard to forgive.A large number of headstrong characters, isolation, and two sets of remote values made distress highly unavoidable.Therefore Heathcliff is a product of circumstance and misfortune rather than the spawn of the Devil or a wild beast.

ISO 9000 and SEARS Quality Management System Essay

What issues do you think that a large follow such as sears had to face in implementing ISO 9000 across its vast organization? Implementing ISO 9000 is not an easy task. The ISO 9000 standards originally were intended to be advisory in nature and to be used for two-party contractual situations and for internal auditing. Rather than a supplier being audited for compliance to the standards by each customer, the registrar certifies the company, and this certification is accepted by all of the suppliers customers. Using ISO 9000 as a basis for a quality system can improve productivity, decrease costs, and increase customer satisfaction.It also have resulted in increased use of data as a business management tool, increased management commitment. As Sears is concerned after an eight year effort, the company registered its product repairs centers and in-home services quality management system to ISO 9001. The original ISO 90001994 only required that the organization have a documented, verif iable process in break through to ensure that it consistently produces what it says it will. ISO 9000- focuses on Fundamental and vocabulary. This document provides fundamental background information and establishes definition of key terms used in the standards.How are the ISO 90002000 tone management principles reflected in this example? How might these principles have helped sears address the issues you identified in the first question? Is a response to the widespread dissatisfaction that resulted from the old standards. The sore standards have a completely new structure, based on eight principles comprehensive and fundamental rules or beliefs for leading and operating an organization that reflect the canonical principles of total quality.These eight principles were voted on, and overwhelmingly approved, at a conference in 1997 attended by 36 representatives of countries that have delegates in the TC 176 committee, charged with the responsibilities of revising the ISO 9000 st andards. The eight principles consisted customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making, mutually beneficial supplier relationships. This standard focuses on developing, documenting,and implementing procedures to ensure consistency of operations and performance in production and service delivery processes, with the aim of continual improvement, and supported by fundamental principles of total quality.

Rudolf Virchow

Rudolf Virchow was born on October 13, 1821, in Schivelbein, as the only child of a farmer. His early interest in the inseparable sciences and broad humanistic training helped him need a high marks throughout school. In 1839, he earned a military fellowship to deliberate medicine at the Freidrich Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, Germany. Virchow had the opportunity to study under Johannes Muller, gaining experience in experimental laboratory and diagnostic methods.In 1843, he received his aesculapian degree from the University of Berlin and went on to become company surgeon at the Charite Hospital in Berlin. He was one of the first to describe white blood mesmerise is also known as Leukemia. Later he became professor and director of the pathological institute. Virchows was known for his findings that a whole organism does not get sick. Only certain cells or groups of cells get the transmission system.In 1855, at the age of 34, he published his now famous aphorism omnis cellula e ce llula (every cell stems from some other cell). With these resuts, Virchow launched the field of cellular pathology. He stated that all diseases involve changes in normal cells, that is, all pathology ultimately is cellular pathology. This insight led to major progress in the practice of medicine. It meant that disease entities could be defined much more sharply. Diseases could be characterized not merely by a group of clinical symptoms but by typical anatomic changes.Rudolf has changed how doctors can find out when a person is sick. His main point is that only certain cells or groups of cells argon the ones that make the person sick. I have learned that now thanks to Rudolfs invention in the medical field, we now know where to locate the infection to make it easier for doctors to cure you. This really helps because without these findings people would still be sick and die from whatever they have been infected with.

Public Safety

There has widespread humans outcry on issues relating to safety, women are purported to be the primary(prenominal) victims as they were the ones that most attacked at called the attention of relevant authorities. A series of interviews were carried out on three different women to on matters relating to public safety.This was in put through to decipher the extent of the threat or imminent threats they faced, how they felt some it, how they would prevent or defend themselves when in such unfortunate situations and the recommendations that they would have to the public safety department in a bid to lower the risks of being attacked.The city was rated to be the least safe place in the country, but in that location were a few exceptions to the status quo. From the interviews it was discovered that all the respondents rated their hoods unsafe and they would prefer staying indoors all the time if need be. They all felt secure when in malls, places near the police station and mostly ban ks.There was a mixed answer in the places that were presumed to be less secure I categorically picked the article presume because none of the respondents reported that they had ever been attacked or molested in the places they mentioned. The market place was rated to be the least secure place, indeed the central business district followed and broken-down allays closed the list of dangerous places. The respondents felt secure in markets and the CBD because the probability of one noticing danger or more so evade it was very low.none of them had been attacked but they felt most insecure when in those two areas, deserted alleys were marked as red zones because one would receive very helpless when confronted in such places. Barber shops and clubs also fell into sharp criticism as their securities were termed inefficient for such crowded areas.Other people would opt to call for clubby barber services than risk exposing themselves to the areas they termed crime prone. Word was that no one could risk walking outside alone but if the situation forced it then they would either call some opposite person to tell them how insecure they feel then walk lit pathways or walk in a group of more than 10 people to boost personal security. The respondents agreed that they would forego walking in the dark at all costs if they other alternatives.Rainy was said to be the most dangerous time then followed by snow seasons. I bet this because of the darkness that engulfs when these seasons come. All the respondents were women and they said that feel more insecure than men would be because they felt that male masculinity was an added advantage when it comes to lessening the imminent security threat or even competitiveness it off. This claim was fortified by one respondent that said that her husband would be the first person she would ever call when in a awful situation.From the investigation it was clear that none of the women had ever been publicly molested in crowded areas of m ugged in deserted alleys but they all felt very insecure about the places. Maybe that was an indication that the situation has always been under control and that the police department was working but not publicly.Their recommendations of a secure city and propinquity would be one that has regular police patrols and one that has all streets and deserted pathways properly lit. Peoples fear can be attributed to the psychological triggers of darkness and the one of tactile property accosted when in dark alleys (leer-2017). With said, it is high time the peoples recommendations be worked on so as to boost public confidence in matters relating public safety.ReferenceA Lear- 2017, port therapySafety behavior after extinction triggers a return of threat expectancy

Example Exam Paper

CONFIDENTIAL LG/OCT2008/BEL311 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES BEL311 OCTOBER 2008 3 HOURS instruction manual TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. This question paper consists of two (2) parts PART A (13 Questions) PART B (1 Question) Answer ALL questions from all parts in the Question Paper. 3. action in the details below UiTM STUDENT CARD NO. PROGRAMME/ CODE PART ENGLISH LANGUAGE GROUP NAME OF LECTURER 4. 5. You argon allowed to bring in your English-English dictionary.Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 13 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 PART A READING COMPREHENSION (20 MARKS) Read the following articles and solving all the questions that follow. expression 1 Spare the Rod? I Schools in Europe and the United Kingdom stopped using the rag to discipline broken-down youngsters following protests from parents and politicians much than 16 years ago.In Malaysia, however, the practice has never left the school grounds. Caning has always been legal in Malaysian schools. The Education polity 1957 (Amended 1959) allows corporal punishments, such as wicker, to be meted out by school authorities, but only if to schoolboys. An Education Ministry directive issued in 1994 listed eight offences that could warrant caning truancy, requirement in criminal activities, obscene and impolite deportment, loitering, dishonesty, dirty appearance and vandalism. 5 IIA probe on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers, students and administrators conducted by researchers from local universities engaged by the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (or SUHAKAM, its Malay acronym) revealed the regular practice of the cane in schools. What the inquiry found was a gross pique of a childs rights committed b y teachers and administrators alike. In their findings, out of the 5,754 students who participated in the survey, about 52 per cent of the students surveyed agree that caning commonly happened in their schools.It took place more often in rural schools than urban ones and almost 80 per cent of the cases occurred at technical schools. 10 15 III Understandably, SUHAKAM is disheartened by the findings of its study. Commissioner and teaching method working group chairman, Professor Chiam Heng Keng said that while SUHAKAM understands the need to discipline and punish wrongdoers, it principal(prenominal)tains that caning is not the best corrective monetary standard. She further added that caning only tells the child to stop whatever he has done. In another(prenominal) words, it does not address the underlying problem. She stressed that teachers must work with parents to get to the root of the problem.She added that abrasive punishments tend to reinforce a childs negative attitudes. Ho wever, 20 25 Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 3 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 she cautioned that we should not confuse upholding the rights of the child with indulging the child. IV Although many experts argue that caning is outdated, even primitive, many educators defended it as a way to stem rising violence in schools. Eighty per cent of teachers agreed that persistent troublemakers in school should be caned. The SUHAKAM probe found that 79. 5 per cent of teachers and 71. per cent of administrators agreed that persistent offenders should be caned though Malaysia had signed the announcement of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1995. In addition, they also revealed that girls were not spared the rod. Almost seven per cent of female respondents from girl schools had reported this. Under the birth Child Act 2001, only boys between the ages of 10 and 18 may be subjected to corporal punishment. 30 35 V Last October, the Ministry of Education allowed teachers other than 40 headmasters, principals and those involved in disciplining students to use the cane.The decision followed the rise in cases of assault on teachers and gangsterism in schools. It was recommended that only certain teachers be empowered to cane students. Ideally, they should have at least 10 years of teaching experience and be married with children. 45 VI The secretary-general of the National Union of the Teaching Profession, Lok Yim Pheng, admitted that at that place are other ways of disciplining a student. These implicate imposing fines, sending students to detention class and making parents sign a pledge to ensure that their children do not misbehave.However, if push comes to shove, then principals and headmasters should use the rod professionally and with compassion. She reiterated that even so, caning should be the penalty of last resort, reserved for absolute hardcore cases and should never be done publicly. 50 The Star, July 15, 2007 Hak Cipta Universi ti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 interview 1 State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or dishonorable (F). a) Caning troublemakers in school is considered a form of maltreatment by most teachers. In the survey carried out by SUHAKAM, both boys and girls were caned.When it comes to caning, the Education legislation 1957 clearly contradicts the Child Act 2001. more than half of the respondents in the survey had been caned by their teachers before. (2 marks) QUESTION 2 What do the following words mean as used in the passage? a) breach (line 14) b) disheartened (line 20) c) underlying (line 25) d) stem(line 31) ___ _ _ _ _ (2 marks) QUESTION 3 Circle your answer for the question below. According to teachers, the following are reasons they support caning in schools eject a) Students who repeatedly cause trouble should be caned. b) Caning is one way to prevent violence in schools. ) Caning reduces assault cases and gangsterism in schools. d) Caning has the least negative effect on students. (1 mark) b) c) d) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 5 LG/OCT 2008/BEL311 QUESTION 4 Why is caning not the best corrective measure according to SUHAKAM? Give two (2) reasons. (1 mark) QUESTION 5 According to Professor Chiam Heng Keng, what is the best way to overcome discipline problems in schools? (1 mark) QUESTION 6 What is the main idea of paragraph VI? (1 mark) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi IMARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 6 LG/OCT2008/BEL311QUESTION 7 According to the secretary-general of the National Union of the Teaching Profession, only if push comes to shove, then teachers and headmasters should use the rod professionally and with compassion (lines 49-51). Under what conditions did she recommend this? List two (2) conditions. (2 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 Article 2 Caning Does more than Harm Than Good I The Womens Centre for Change Penang (WCC) notes with great concern the recent proposal to extend caning as a method to suitcase discipline problems involving schoolgirls.We caution against the use of the cane on children regardless of gender. II The caning of a child is in direct contravention of the Convention on the Rights of The Child (CRC), of which Malaysia is a signatory. Caning contravenes Article 19 of the CRC. Under the article, the governments must protect the child from all forms of maltreatment by parents or others responsible for his or her care. Furthermore, corporal punishment is a form of child abuse. There is no evidence to suggest that this method can improve a childs learning ability. 5 10 III Caning may not be the most effective way to deal with problems of undiscipline.While it may bring about the immediate compliance of the child, the issues of physical harm as well as emotional damage to the child need to be taken into consideration. Corporal punishment can spend to increased antisocial behaviour, aggression and chronic defiance. Furthermore, inflicting severe punishment and using mental humiliation on children have adverse effects such as loss of selfesteem and personality changes with ramifications on adult life. The use of the cane can be abused, especially when frustrations are vented. However, teachers who are fed up with the rising cases of indiscipline in schools may say caning is justified. 0 15 IV The social consequence of caning is that it sends a clear message that violence is an welcome form of behaviour in society, that is, it is all right to use violence and inflict pain to teach a child something. This goes against all efforts to reduce the direct of violence in our society. V Caning may seem to be a quick fix solution to misbehaviour, but it fails to address the root causes of the problem. The causes involve an inability to fit into a rigid, examination-orientated education frame, the negative effects of 25 Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA C ONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 overty, the need to challenge boundaries, insufficient counselor-at-law from the home, dysfunctional family situations, negative influences from the neighbourhood environment, among others. 30 VI WCC would therefore urge the Ministry of Education to 1. Work with other agencies and community groups, for example those dealing with the health, welfare and rights of the child, so as to provide support where needed, to both students and school authorities 2. Consult with experts in various fields to work out alternative forms of discipline which include behaviour modification programmes that help enhance positive behaviour of students 5 3. Support school teachers by reducing the number of students per class, having teacher assistants, providing skills training in class control and handling difficult students, having access to highly trained counselors and child psychologists 40 4. Have a more balanced education dodge which moves away from an over-emphasis on examinations towards a more holistic education which cultivates the childs other potentials. Prema E. Devaraj, Programme Director, Womens Centre for Change, Penang. The Star, December 3, 2007 Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 9 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 QUESTION 8 What does Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of The Child state? (1 mark) QUESTION 9 Caning as a measure of instilling discipline among students can tierce to emotional damage. List four (4) kinds of damage. (2 marks) QUESTION 10 The social consequence of caning is that it sends a clear message that violence is an acceptable form of behaviour in society, that is, it is all right to use violence and inflict pain to teach a child something. (lines 21-23) What does Prema Devaraj mean by the above sentence? 2 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 QUESTION 11 How can the negative influences from the neighbourhood environment (li nes 29-30) cause students to misbehave in school? (2 marks) QUESTION 12 List two (2) recommendations made by the Womens Centre for Change to the Ministry of Education on how to help teachers in the classroom. (1 mark) QUESTION 13 The education carcass should move away from an over-emphasis on examinations and become more holistic in order to develop the students other potentials or talents.State two (2) ways the education system can develop the students other potentials or talents. (2 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 11 LG/OCT2008/BEL311 PART B WRITING (20 MARKS) QUESTION 1 You are a school counselor and you are asked to give a talk to a group of teachers. Based on these two articles Spare the Rod? and Caning Does More Harm Than Good, you have developed the following opinion about the issue Caning should not be allowed in schools today Using the tuition from the two articles, write a speech of about 300 words to support your opinion.Include t hree main ideas with supporting details for your talk. (You must use selective information that you have gathered from reading the two articles but marks will be deducted if you copy sentences from the articles). In-text citations and proper acknowledgement of references used must also be included. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 12 LG/OCT 2008/BEL311 Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 13 LG/OCT 2008/BEL311 END OF QUESTION PAPER Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

Fallacy and Mutual-fund Guru Peter

Angel Allen Professor Needle November 25, 2012 Chapter 8 Exercise 2 For each of the following items, write one paragraph identifying the logical flaw. a. The election couldnt have been fair- I dont know anyone who voted for the winner. The incident that no one you know voted for the winner does not mean that the election as unfair. line of descent of ignorance a. It would be wrong to prosecute Allied for age discrimination allied has always been a great corporate neighbor. The item that allied has always been a great corporate neighbor, it is not wrong to prosecute him for age discrimination if in fact it is true. solicitation to pity b.The decrease in smoking flock be attributed to increased restrictions on smoking in public. Although smoking has decreased you should not conclude that the result of smoking in public restrictions was the cause of the decrease. support hoc reasoning c. Bill Jensens proposal to create an on-site day-care center is just the latest of his harebra ined ideas. The fact that Bill Jensen proposes to create an on-site-day-care center does not mind that the idea is unwise. Ad hominem argument d. Since the introduction of weed drinks at the start of the twentieth century, cancer has become the second- greatest killer in the linked States.Cola drinks should be outlawed. Before reaching valid conclusions, you would have to study a much larger sample to compare causes of cancer and that in fact cola drinks is the cause of cancer. This will be a Hasty Generalization. Hasty generalization e. If mutual-fund guru Peter kill recommends this investment, I think we ought to buy it. Even if mutual-fund guru Peter Lynch recommends this investment, it is not wise to buy it unless you have done your own research. Argument of authority f. We should not go into the flash-memory market we have always been a steer manufacturer of DRAM.The fact that you have always been a leading manufacturer of DRAM is not in itself a good reason to retain fr om the Flash-memory market. Appeal to pity g. The other two hospitals in the city have implemented computerized patient record keeping I think we need to do so, too. The fact that the other hospitals implemented computerized patient record keeping is not in itself an argument that we should get one, too. Ad populum argument h. Our Model X500 didnt succeed because we failed to administer a sufficient number of units.Before reaching any valid conclusions, you would have try more strategies on selling your Model X500, maybe other factors couldve been a reason why your sales were not successful. Oversimplifying i. No research has ever established that Internet businesses can earn money they will never succeed. The fact that research has never been established that Internet businesses can earn money does not necessarily mean that the Internet business will not succeed. perchance the statistics are not yet available. There are Internet businesses that have been out for years Im sure they are succeeding to be around for so long. Appeal to pity

Reflection on Diversity Essay

I used to have a colleague in college who happens to be born into a royal family but was in truth humble and down to earth. She never wanted to be treated worry the princess that she was and did everything possible to fit in and be like every normal student. Most people couldnt stand her because they felt she was misusing her opportunity and others were jealous of her and as a result of this most people started to annul her and criticize everything she did and tried to make her biography miserable by playing pranks on her and calling her names but she never retaliated because she was different from the rest of us. Instead she treated everyone nicely even when they treated her bad. This do me sympathize with her because I couldnt understand how almost people can afford to dislike soulfulness else so more than just because she was different in a good way. It made me realize that no matter how good we are and treat others well, we shouldnt expect to be treated nicely by everyone else because at the end of the day, what really matters is that we have a clear conscience.From the article To Be Asian in America, when the Asians arrive America they began to realize that they are different. Identities get challenged and they have to deal with what it means to be American or resident Alien, says John Kuo Wei Tchen, the founding director of the A/P/A Studies Program and Institute at New York University. Some Asian Americans relied on assimilation (a process where some of the majority groups cultural aspects are absorbed in such a elan that the home cultural aspects get lost or mitigated) as a means of blending in with American society as an attempt to escape anti-Asian sentiments that heightened during World War 11. The question about how much they wanted to or did assimilate is a question of how much they were permitted to assimilate, says Gary Okihiro, director of the center for the carry of Ethnicity and Race and a professor of International and public affair s at Columbia University.Today, ties to home roost strong for new Asian immigrants however , many familiesexperience acculturation- the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure with U.S.- born generations. Parents would like to think their children are going to be very embracive and very welcoming of their of the parents own culture, says Franklin Ng, a professor in the anthropology department of California state University Fresno. Parents whitethorn have these kinds of supportive mechanisms, encouraging them to go to a temple, or ethnic church, so their children will stimulate familiar with their ethnic culture but the youth are having their own trajectory.Looking at genial Class The fiction of Meritocracy, The most popular measures of class are income and wealth. It is also measured by educational achievement and occupational prestige. Classism results from prejudices based on false assumptions. Despite widely held perceptions, social class mobi lity in the United States is far from fluid. Those born with few resources face serious obstacles in their efforts to achieve higher economical and social status. Those born into privilege are given a head start in life with many extra boosts along the way. Once it is recognized that merit has only a small aim in determining ones place on the social ladder, the foundation of classroom crumbles.ReferencesHarvey, C. P., & Allard, M. J. (2012). sense and managing diversity Readings, cases, and exercises (5th ed.). Upper saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Devry University (2014). Week 3 Lecture Identity and deviance SOCS-350N. Retrieved from www.devry.net

Social Media Marketing

Evaluate the Effectiveness of amic adapted Media merchandise on Hotels Jennie Russell 1. Abstract Purpose The lucre has forced companies to transform themselves to be to a strikinger extent moveive, progressive and competent as the online consumer is much active, demanding and in control if unhappy close to a receipts the hotels temper c an be damaged as negative tuition posted online is exacting and public communion their opinion with hundreds of thousands of potential customers. nonwithstanding, grok marketers be increasingly using mixer media to let leaf nodes sell their hotels, which is au accordinglytic trade at its best.Marketers deal to instrument dedication, cadence and resources in companionable media merchandise to be self-made and stay ahead of their competitors most hotels lack the resources required to effectively implement loving trade strategies. methodological analysis This makeup integrates triangulation to run across all views of neighborly media trade ar stageed terce hotel merchandise managers were questioned, consumers on PollDaddy answered polls and the role of the practitioner explore was undertaken to analyse cedarwood administrations Facebook ro character.Secondary research was utilize to spr knocked out(p) recommendations for the effective use of complaisant media trade. Findings This paper presents the results of an exploratory battlefield on the different perspectives of well-disposed media merchandising. It was represent that some hotels have much than developed hearty media merchandising strategies than others and all argon leave behinding to learn and develop. Consumers had mixed opinions on hearty media merchandise which lead to calls for recommendations to be derived from secondary research for the effective use of favorable media merchandise. explore Limitations More cadence was needed to research and analyse the Facebook campaign and a payable account was needed o n PollDaddy to increase the exposure of the polls. Value tender media trade is a fairly new trend it go forth be a key windor in the time to come of merchandise Large hotels like Hilton and Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts have fully integrated friendly media into their merchandising strategy, save for most hotels the difficultness is non save if where to originate, barg precisely who to use and what to do this paper lead signifi bottom of the inningtly impact how hotels market on amicable media state of affairss.Keywords companionable Media, trade, Hotels, Effective, Participation, Interaction 1Page 2. Context & Objectives vast before the Internet, bulk sh ard their opinions of products with friends and family with word of mouth a happy guest tells pentad others an unhappy guest tells 9-10 others. (Kennedy, 2009) Nowadays, consumers argon spending much and more time on loving lucre sites where they throw outister broadcast their experiences directly onli ne via tender media overlap their opinion with hundreds of thousands of potential customers hotel marketers need to r from each one these communities and act with them to stay competitive.TIG Global (2009) describes how the net has changed marketing what was once an in force(p) one way converse shot has evolved into an interactive two way communication device. The internet is forcing companies to transform themselves to be more interactive, innovative and efficient. Kozinets (1999, p254) discussed that online consumers be not merely passive recipients of consumption information further active creators consumers atomic number 18 right international in control. The information the consumers post is instant and public fine-looking them the opportunity to be heard in life-size deems.Marketers need to form alliances with these online consumer communities as it is the dawn of customer fight Engaged customers spend more silver and come back more often. (Mclean, 2008) c omplaisant media marketing requires participation, interaction and dedication (Raza, 2006) time, allegiance and resources argon of the essence(p) for the efficient use of kindly media marketing unless most hotels lack the resources required to effectively implement complaisant marketing strategies.Most hotels either go intot do social media marketing or they dont do it efficiently W eber (2009) meets that marketers have to be aggregators not broadcasters they have to be part of the consumers conversation, not bombarding them with constant sales sales pitches. (Evans, 2009) Marketers have to ensure their subject ara is just to the hotel and their consumers they should not perceive the hotels presence to be a nuisance.Large hotels like Hilton, Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts and MGM Grand have fully integrated social media into their marketing strategy, but for most hotels the difficulty is not tho where to begin, but who to use and what to do. Is it foul for a hotel not t o use social media sites? burn down it be ruinous if social media sites are apply but not appropriately? The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of social media in hotel marketing. The objectives of this study are to ? Evaluate how the internet has changed hotel marketing. Page ? ? ? survey the key activities involved in social media marketing. Evaluate the role of social media marketing within hotel marketing strategies. Develop recommendations for the effective use of social media marketing in hotels. 3. Literature Review selling Raza (2005, p 2) defines marketing as an ongoing sour comprising various co-ordinated activities a comp each must perform to develop and/or penuryed product, bring it to the market, main(prenominal)tain it there and maximize the customers benefit. The customer is an integral part of the marketing handle marketers need to focus on their customers involve, essentials and expectations which pull up stakes reflect in their service and resul t in a made hotel. For many days cordial reception firms have believed that the goal of marketing is to create as many new customers as possible. (Shoemaker & Lewis, 1999, p345) They believed it was important to satisf y the guests while they were on the property, but the real goal was to continue to queue up new customers their interest in guideting new customers reign the task of nutritioning customers.Nowadays, companies have realized that both aspects are vital finding n ew customers and keeping current customers Chen et al (2009) suggest that companies exploit the internet to become more innovative and effective at this task. Marketing using traditional methods used interruption techniques which consumers accepted as they classed them as necessary happenings the marketers were in control. But the internet forced marketers to transform themselves Chen et al (2009) discovered that marketers were no longer in control the balance of power had shifted to the consumer.The exi stence of united groups of online consumers interacting shifts knowledge and power from marketers to consumers Kozinets (1999, p258) supports this The more online consumption members communicate with one another through the internet, the more bold they sapidity or so thought process-provoking marketers and marketing claims. Scott (2009) & Tuten (2008) realized that the old rules of marketing were ineffective in a nett 2. 0 worldly concern (consumer tryd subject field) marketers have to work harder as consumers control their media content.Saugestad (2009) reinforces this research shows that there is a development proclivity among web users to tune out corporate speak. Miguens, Baggio & rib (2008) clarify that the internet is no longer upright a static page, but a high-powered platform which allows consumers to independently generate their own content sharing with other users and passing on their own experience. Marketers need to realize that online consumers are much mor e active, participative, resistant, activist, loquacious, social and communitarian. (Kozinets, 1999, p261) hearty Medias 3PageIt is important to ensure social media is explained to avoid confusion Social media is almost sharing information and experiences with acquaintances in your networks. (TIG Global, 2009) Weber (2009) noted that social networks are step to the fores where volume with a super acid interest or concern, meet and express themselves, their opinions and vent. There are different social media conduct depending on the desired goals Table 1 Authors Analysis of Social Media Sites Type of Description Statistics Social Media Facebook Facebook is a social networking website that Facebook reports was originally designed for students, but is n average of now open to anyone 13 yrs of age or older. 250,000 new Facebook users freighter create and customize registrations per their own profiles with photos, videos, and day since January information well-nigh themselves. Friends can 2007. (Scott, 2009, browse the profiles of other friends and write p229) messages on their profiles. peep Twitter is an online service that allows you to There are a share up conflicts with other users by answering reported 3 million one open question What are you doing? tweets posted per Twitter is a free social networking and micro- day. (Social Media blogging service that enables its users toStatistics, 2008) send and register other users modifys known as tweets. TripAdvisor TripAdvisor is a free travel guide and 90% of online research website that hosts freshens from consumers avow users and other information designed to dish up recommendations plan a vacation. from reviews (Mclean, 2008) YouTube YouTube is a video sharing service that Videos posted on allows users to watch videos posted by other You tube attract users and upload videos of their own. The more than 40 slogan of the YouTube website is Broadcast million visitors Yourself. This implies the YouTu be service calendar monthly. (Weber, s designed primarily for ordinary good deal who 2009 p4) want to publish videos they have created. Social networking continues to grow and shape the way people communicate. (Hotelworld, 2010) There are hundreds of active social networking websites, but the social media sites listed in table 1 are relevant to this regorge as hotels are currently using them to market themselves. The internet is becoming one big social networking site Over 44% of all internet users are active in social media (TIG Global, 2009) Saugestad (2009) & Miguens, Baggio & Costa (2008) argue that social media sites are the most 4Page opular sites on the internet payable to the fact it is available 24/7, giving potential online customers the opportunity to access information at their own convenience. Starkov & Mechoso (2010) acknowledges that internet users spend 17% of their surfing time on social network and blogging sites, nearly triple the character of time spent on sites than a year ago which is beneficial to marketers if they use social media effectively, as they are reaching a growing audience. Using Social Media Effectively Many authors agree that social media marketing needs to be fully integrated in the hotels marketing process.Marketers need a solid internet strategy merging social media marketing into their marketing plan and the hotels score integrating videos, effigys and blogs to increase exposure and improve online positioning. (Davis, 2009, Raza, 2005, Tikkanen et al, 2009) Social media gives marketers an incredibly inexpensive way to build pock awareness, while doing it in a way that makes the hotel wait simultaneously hip, down to earth and fun. Hotels (2009) explain how savvy marketers are increasingly using social media to let guests sell their hotels, which is authentic marketing at its best.Kennedy (2009) found that guests who have had extremely positive experiences do often feel motivated to post their positive feedback on the internet. Successful word of mouth marketing isnt roughly what the hotel thinks it represents its what the consumers choose to talk about Word of mouth hinges on real consumers spreading the word for you. (Mclean, 2008) Its the best marketing puppet with high credibility as it comes from previous customers and there is no cost to the hotel.However, if consumers have a inquisitive experience it can be unfavourable for the hotels news report a single negative online guest review can cause significant damage by scaring off future potential guests. (Kennedy, 2009) The scope of internet marketing is huge numbers could be in the realms of tens of thousands of potential guests scared off from one baneful review on the internet. Hotels reputations are at stake consumers are going to be talking about how they were treated for better or for worse.Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts has set the bar for social media customers service care a guest went on twitter whilst staying at the Bi ltmore Four Seasons Resort to make a reflection about the hotels music, to her surprise she received a bottle of wine and a note from the public manager apologizing. Another event at Four Seasons Bangkok, where a guest complained on twitter about the lack of appealing movies on TV that night management were notified and the guest was informed about the hotels in-house DVD library. Kirby, 2009) These situations show the effective affair and participation required with social media marketing that results in high customer satisfaction. Interaction, Participation and Authenticity Social media is all about forming relationships, trust and mental synthesis an online reputation. The main focus in social media marketing is to keep consumers informed and not to fool them. TIG Global (2009) explain that social media users 5Page will credibly be appreciative of hotel marketers updates and more inclined to pass them along to their networks of friends and family, if they feel the updates are authentic and useful.The main purpose of social media is social interaction and networking with other users hotel marketers need to elicit their social interactions to be supremacyful the speed of the response is a significant factor in interactivity. (Tikkanen et al, 2009, p1371) The stronger a hotels genuine interactivity on social media sites, the stronger their social media brand will be. Starkov & Mechoso (2010) reveal that if a hotel enhances its social media presence on Facebook and Twitter, it can create a buzz around the property and contribute to increased awareness and booking considerations.Engaging and dynamic content can enhance a hotels presence and generate continuous interest the online social media process is all about the word of mouse. (Parsippany, 2009) Social media sites are all about customer particular date companies who focus on suck upment rather than selling will see success. (Mclean, 2007, Tikkanen et al, 2009) By incorporating value, interactiv ity and engagement hotel marketers could boom with social media marketing. Valuable Content Evans (2009) advises marketers to ensure they have significant cont ent on their social media sites otherwise they will lose consumers and search engine rankings.Consumers arent afraid(p) to tell hotel marketers if their content is rubbish but at least social media offers the ability to make instant adjustments in case they need to change detrimental content. Marketers have to translate customers with value to have a better chance of engaging their customers in their marketing activities. (Parsons et al, 1998 cited from Tikkanen et al, 2009, p1369) Value is one of the most important things to keep in mind when creating great social media content that will persuade consumers to interact and engage with marketers.Armstrong (2001) understands that marketers are sceptical about social media marketing but tries to convince them to use the internet as a sales and marketing tool he summarizes tha t the outgrowth is not only how to engage the consumer, but also how first to attract the consumer to the website and then to retain them that this book is dated with basic knowledge of the internet and strangleed reference to social media marketing. Saugestad (2009) argued that successful social media marketing requires meaningful participation, authenticity and real engagement.Social media is a continual process of evolving and modify to ensure excite and lively content Involvement in (and success with) social media takes time and commitment. (TIG Global, 2009) Future of Marketing Hotels (2009) predicts social media will become firmly entrenched as a marketing channel in 2010. agreement marketers will continue to shift marketing funds to online channels at the expense of traditional marketing methods which Starkov & Mechoso (2010) reinforce social media and mobile marketing are quickly becoming the mainstream in the hospitality industry. Accelerating technical 6Page developm ents are evolving as a new generation of opportunity and challenge for the marketer. The place with social media marketing isnt whether to use it or not but to ensure the time, commitment and resources are spent developing it effectively. There is a lot of literature around social media marketing but no distinct recommendations for effective usage. 4. Method of InvestigationAn exploratory research approach will be used to gather information a mixture of deductive and inductive deductive as I want to find if hotel marketing managers find social media marketing useful, also want to find if the level of communication on social networking can gain loyalty from consumers or discover if social me dia marketing is beneficial to a hotel or detrimental to their image. Inductive secondary research will develop recommendations for the use of social media marketing. Triangulation refers to the use of different data collection techniques in ne study in order to ensure the data is correct and pr ecise. (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2005) Triangulation will be used in this offer as it will stand better opportunities to gather all perspectives on social media marketing and will allow effective paygrade of the findings. A mixed method research approach will be undertaken and data will be analyzed throughout the process Tashakkori & Teddie (2003) quoted in Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, (2005, p 146) argue that multiple methods are useful if they provide better opportunities for you to answer your research question. The role of practitioner researcher will be undertaken as I designed a Facebook page for Cedar speak to Hotel Wakefield when I worked for them on my placement which I now manage. I plan to add 1 event and 3-4 status updates per week as well as requesting at least 40 friends. I understand it will be time consuming Im a full time student so all my time is spent on university work which does not allow me to be fully immersed in the daily events at Cedar Court.Therefore familiarity may affect the research as I dont have any up to date information to enable me to frequently update the status with current issues I have overcome this enigma by asking the sales manager to keep me informed. I will analyse the campaign for 3 months to observe the impact and responses from the hotels social media activities. Structured questionnaires will be conducted using purposive try (typical case) with three hotel marketing managers that are currently using Facebook to market their hotel in order to explore their opinions of social media marketing.The questionnaires will be conducted through email so the managers can complete the questionnaire at a time and place convenient to them. The delphi technique will be used to ensure the key issues are communicate when all the data is collected I will distribute it to the marketing managers to see if they agree with 7Page the findings and to ensure all the important issues have been illustrated. solely three managers w ill answer the resembling set of questions to ensure reliable data. From these questionnaires I will develop polls to ask the habitual ublic their opinions on social media marketing using PollDaddy as the sampling frame The larger your sample size the demoralize the likely error in generalising to the population. (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2005, pg. 210) Poll Daddy has 500,000 users around the world (PollDaddy, 2009) which should generate a proficient response rate I am aiming for at least 100 answers to each question to generate findings that are representative of people who are interested in social networking. There is no limit to the amount of questions I can post as PollDaddy provides interactive polling, which I thought was relevant to this project.I will post the questions in November and 3 months later I will gather the quantitative data which allows behind comparison. As well as primary data, documentary secondary data will be garner from literature on the internet journals and articles from websites such as e. hotelier. com/caterersearch. com will be used to develop recommendations for a hotel marketer to efficiently use social media marketing. Secondary data is unobtrusive it will aid the projects objectives and will enable triangulation.An external ethics committee is not required for this research none of the participants will be vulnerable and social media marketing is a neutral subject. Participant error, bias or observer error shouldnt occur as triangulation should yield consistent, reliable findings. For this project written coincide will be implemented, if participants do not want to participate then they plain do not have to answer the questions. Participants will be volunteers and will be adequately informed of the research they will be free to withdraw at any time and if necessary the findings can be anonymous.I will monitor Facebook and PollDaddy 4 times a week to ensure the activity is sincere and will re evaluate the validity if I feel its being compromised. 8Page 4. 1 look into Agenda From the literature review the key issues were highlighted and incorporated into the table below these issues will form the bag of the questionnaires and polls. Table 2 Table of Issues Issues Reference The more online consumption members communicate with one another through the internet, the bolder they feel about challenging marketers and marketing claims. KOZINETS, Robert, V. (1999) E-Tribalized Marketing? The strategic Implications Of Virtual Communities of Consumption. European Management Journal. 17 (3) 252264. Online social networking sites are the most popular sites on the internet. MIGUENS, J. , BAGGIO, R. , COSTA, C. (2008) Social Media and tourism Destinations TripAdvisor Case Study. Advances in Tourism Research 2008. Aveiro. Portugal RAZA, Ivo. (2005) Heads In Beds cordial reception & Tourism Marketing. 1st Edition. United States of America. Pearson Prentice Hall. DAVIS, rear end. (2009) Social Media Marketi ng fast one or Madness. online 16 July. obligate from Hotel Online parole for The HospitalityExecutive. termination accessed on 19 October 2009 at www. hotel- It is virtually insufferable to compete in todays market place without a solid internet strategy. Hotels need to intermingle social media marketing into the brand and the marketing plan integrating videos, images and blogs to increase exposure and improve online interrogative derived from issue Do you find that online consumers are much more active, participative, resistant and more demanding? What types of social media marketing do you use and how do you use it? Do you have an internet marketing strategy? How important is social media marketing in your arketing plan? Is it fully integrated? 9Page positioning. online. com/ news show/PR2009_3 rd/Jul09_SocialMediaMagic. hypertext markup language Engaging and dynamic PARSIPPANY, NJ. (2009) content can generate Introducing CoMMingle continuous interest the Social Media Mar keting online social media Agency for Hospitality. process is all about the online 21 September. word of mouse. Article from Hotel Online News for the Hospitality Executive. start accessed on 19 October at http//www. hotelonline. com/News/PR2009_3 rd/Sep09_CoMMingle. hypertext mark-up language Successful social media SAUGESTAD, Stephen. marketing requires 2009) Social Media and the meaningful participation, Hospitality Industry. online authenticity and real 23 September. Article from engagement. ehotelier. com the one stop website for hoteliers. ending accessed on 19 October 2009 at http//ehotelier. com/hospitali tynews/item. php? id=P17166_ 0_11_0_C Four Seasons Hotels & KIRBY, Adam. (2010) MGM Resorts has set the bar Grand billboard Takes for social media Twitter to Masses. online 4 customers service care January. Article from Hotels a guest went on twitter The Magazine of the whilst staying at the Worldwide Hotel Industry.Biltmore Four Seasons Last accessed on 6 January Resor t to make a 2010 at criticism about the http//www. hotelsmag. com/b hotels music, to her log/Musings_Miscellany/296 surprise she received a 91bottle of wine and a note MGM_Grand_Billboard_Tak from the general es_Twitter_To_Masses. php manager apologizing. 1. Does your social media site incorporate engaging and dynamic content for your consumer? 2. How often do you update your content on your social media sites? 1. Successful social media marketing requires meaningful participation, value and real engagement do you feel you give this and how? 2.How often do you check/interact on your social media sites? 1. If you find a negative input online what do you do? 2. Can you give me 3 examples of how social media marketing has worked well for you and what was the impact? 10 P a g e 5. Findings & Analysis 5. 1 Facebook Research The impact and responses from Cedar Courts social media activities on Facebook were recorded. Every week Cedar Courts status was updated 3 times, a new event was ad ded and an average of 40 friends were requested the campaign was analysed for 3 months to investigate positive and negative reactions of the consumers.It can be immediately seen from column 2 that Cedar Courts friends have consistently increased, doubling the amount of friends it started off with from 323 on 24. 11. 09 to 692 on 19. 02. 10. The number of people adding Cedar Court to be their friend (column 5) also consistently increased, in the first month Cedar Court had 0-1 people requesting to be their friend but towards the end of the campaign an average of 6 people were requesting to be their friend with a maximum of 8 people on 19. 02. 10.The popularity of Cedar Court definitely increased at the start only 1 person liked the status, then only 1 person signaliseed on the second status, gradually throughout the weeks more people started to like and comment on the statuses. Towards the end of the campaign an average of 30 people were liking the status and an average of 3 people were commenting the Valentines Day status (15. 02. 10) had 70 friends like it and 3 comments which is significant. Generally, the popularity of Cedar Courts profile did increase thus far there was a decrease of 7 friends on 24. 2. 09 which could be due to the fact 4 events were sent out the previous time or it could have been due to prompty pessimism, after this incident I ensured I would only send 1 event out each week to ensure I didnt annoy any more of Cedar Courts friends. The number of people accepting Cedar Court to be their friend and adding Cedar Court to be their friend consistently increased, which could be due to the fact that more consumers are accepting companies presence on social media sites owever consumers tended to like and comment on the personal status update not the sales pitch status es, which goes against companies objectives to use social media as a marketing tool. in all the comments were positive which is encouraging this shows a positive impact as cons umers enjoy participating in the personal statuses they take pleasure in the engagement and interactment with the hotels day to day activities birthdays, promotions, new employees etc. 11 P a g e 5. 2 Questionnaires with Marketing Managers Questionnaires were emailed to the marketing managers of Hilton, Marriott and Malmaison.They were given 1 month to reply giving as much detail as possible. To analyse these questionnaires, themes have been derived to allow ease of comparison between the hotels. Marketing the Hotels At the moment all three hotels use a variety of sources to market their hotels social media, emails, newspapers, tradeshows, search engines, word of mouth and leaflet dropping. All three also have an internet marketing strategy Hilton explained their marketing team works together with their PR and promotions to shape this strategy.Social media is important in the hotels marketing plans Marriott have only been using social media for around 6 months and hopes to be fully integrated by the end of the year. Hilton acknowledges social media is a new space and have integrated it through PR and partnerships/promotions. All three hotels use Facebook, plus another social media form, however they all use them in slightly different ways. Malmaison started using social media marketing after attending a future of hospitality course and uses Twitter and Facebook to update promotions and news etc.Hilton recognised that conversation about their brand were taking place on Facebook and Twitter whether they were participating or not they use the corresponding sites as Malmaison as additional channels for brand news and giveaways. Marriott started in response to their sister hotel having used it for several months and uses Facebook and LinkedIn. Opinions on Social Media Marketing Malmaisons opinions are mixed they believe it is the way forward because it has many benefits but understand there are negatives and that hotels should be careful.However Marriott is not in favour of it using sites that are not ineluctably business focused as a marketing tool can cheapen your product and portray the wrong image. Hilton understands the need for a sound strategy, time and commitment before adopting it social media marketing should never be used in place of traditional marketing tactics. 12 P a g e All three hotels agree that social media marketing is useful Malmaison finds it easy to a point, its quick, reaches a mass audience, builds relationships and is relatively cost effective. Marriott thinks it is cost effective and likes the speed to market. Hilton states that it is extremely helpful in building buzz for our brand , sharing news quickly. Occurrence of Content Updates and Interactions All three hotels interact on their social media sites however there are different levels Hilton is the highest and checks theirs frequently throughout each day whereas Marriott only check theirs once a week hotels on social media sites should be giving instan t information a week is far too long. Malmaison checks theirs as often as they can but this is a loose term and could range from Hiltons highest level to Marriotts lowest level of interaction.Again, with content update the rankings were the same Hilton was the leader as they post multiple messages to Twitter each day and add content to Facebook on a regular basis, Marriott only update their content on average once a month which is insufficient and Malmaison were unsung with as often as we can. Participation, Engagement and Valuable Content Malmaison follows up on complaints and says thank you for darling comments, they offer incentives and promotions their customers would appreciate.Hilton talks with their fans rather than at them, they try to provide content that has real value, rather than simply pushing marketing messages. Whereas Marriott acknowledges that they are not giving the appropriate level of participation however this year they do hope to overcome this and build the ir online profi le. Malmaison believes that their site incorporates engaging and dynamic content for their consumers Hilton always tries to provide information that is valuable to our audience. Marriott is drawing up plans to address their limited content.Champions and Time Spent with Social Media Marketing All three hotels understand the importance of assigning a dedicated social media marketer Hilton has an office team and three internal team members Malmaison has 1 person from each hotel responsible and Marriott has nominated hexad people for their social media activities. Marriott only spends a couple of hours per week on social media marketing whilst Malmaison spends as much time as we can which is again vague but sounds keen Hilton understands that time investment is considerable and necessary. Attracting the Active and Demanding Online Consumer Malmaison attracts online consumers to their social media sites through exclusive offers and competitions Hilton has integrated t heir Facebook and Twitter with their official brand site and other microsites they also rely heavily on 13 P a g e word of mouth from their current fans and use giveaways. In the near future Marriott will be adding their social media addresses to their traditional collateral that they hand to clients. Malmaison agrees with the statement that online consumers are more active, participative, resistant and demanding. Hilton thinks it varies most followers are honest and enjoy travel so their posts and comments are positive but Hiltons social media channels are not intended to be a guest assistance centre. Which I disagree with guests should be able to have their p roblems resolved through social media, I do understand that its an external company but strategies should be in place for these encounters. Marriott said we will only really begin to see this in the coming months as our exposure grows. Analysis of Social Media MarketingMalmaison analyses their social media marketing at the end of every week using tools such as trendistic, tweetbeep, twittercounter, twitpwr. Hilton receives weekly reports from an agency that tracks major topics. However Marriot ts focus is bringing our profile to a level where it actually merits tracking. TripAdvisor Reviews Malmaison and Marriott both declared that they use TripAdvisor reviews but didnt say how they used them. Hilton encourages its hotels to monitor consumer reviews as they are a great way to understand what is and is not working for a particular property. Negative CommentsIf Malmaison finds a negative comment then they address and investigate the situation, if a contact number/email address is left then the matter will be dealt with in private. Hilton does their best to resolve the issue just as we do at our hotels when a guest complains. Until this year Marriott only acted on feedback without replying to the customer but now they use the Manageme nt Response function to post replies to both negative and posit ive comments. Hilton doesnt believe social media can necessarily go wrong, but negative posts about customers experiences at their hotels is disheartening. Malmaison stated that they seem to be doing ok and Marriott said this remains to be seen. Social Media Working W ell All three hotels have had positive experiences with social media Malmaison has had positive feedback from its fans, the events they bear ond have had favourable responses and offers have been well received. Hilton asked Tweeters to cheer for the film premier Up in the Air for a chance to win various prizes this was reciprocally beneficial and increased the hotels profile reporters often post stories from Hiltons Twitter or Facebook.Marriott use Facebook to advertise charity events and to drive exposure of their Christmas party packages. 14 P a g e Recommendations Malmaison and Marriott are welcoming of recommendations that are tailored for our product and the market we are in. Hilton are always looking for sugg estions that we can use at the brand level and share with our hotels. Social media is a continual process of evolving and updating that takes time and commitment, even though Hilton are the most advanced in social media, the willingness for suggestions shows true commitment and is an important attribute.Hilton are the most savvy in social media marketing Marriott is fairly new in this concept and need more time to extend their strategies. Malmaison is well developed but not up to Hiltons standards however Hilton is a multi-national company which is hard to compete with. Unfortunately some managers did not answer in as much depth as I would have liked none would disclose any pecuniary information which is understandable but disappointing as it would have been interesting to compare the financial implications and set a guideline amount in the recommendations.One manager took 3 months to fill out the questionnaire and only replied when I used Facebook to prompt them to fill it in. 5. 3 PollDaddy Results Polls were developed on PollDaddy to ask the general public their opinions on social media marketing. Originally I had problems with the response rate as I only had a free account, if I had a paid account I would have received more responses and more exposure, but I overcame this by using Facebook to link my questions from PollDaddy and the responses increased rapidly reinforcing the argument that social media is effective.Table 3 Key Points from PollDaddy 1. 87% think that social media marketing isnt just a trend. 2. 50% think that marketers abuse social media marketing. 3. 48% think there should be rules for the appropriate usage of social media marketing. 31% think marketing on social media is innovative. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 60% find it easier to challenge marketers claims through social media marketing. 30% use Facebook and 27% use Twitter as their main social media forms. 36% think companies on social media are demonstrating meaningful participation, authenticit y and real engagement. 2% engage in social media if they see it as beneficial. 15 P a g e 9. 57% think social media marketing is a convenient and efficient way of finding information and interacting with an fundamental law Source Authors Analysis of Poll Daddy Results 1. This is a significant percentage of people who think social media marketing isnt just a trend they believe it will be around permanently so hotels should take up this information and use this to their advantage through marketing. 2.Half who answered thought that marketers just dont get social media marketing people felt that marketers could make more of the opportunities they have the recommendations may help marketers use social media marketing more effectively. 3. This point reinforces the need for marketers to effectively use social media marketing it is a fairly new concept and marketers need to develop their strategies if they want to succeed. 4. 31% think marketing on social media is innovative which is enco uraging for marketers 32% of people dont mind social media marketing as long as it isnt excessive. 5.Online consumer arent afraid to challenge marketers claims they are more assertive which strengthens Chen et al (2009) and Kozinets (1999) argument that the balance of power has shifted away from the marketer to the online consumer. 6. Most people who answered used some form of social media marketing, from Facebook to LinkedIn companies should begin marketing on Facebook and then develop their strategies from there. 7. 36% thought that social media marketing shows companies commitment to engagement and interaction however the polls were very close with some people being suspicious of social media marketing and the marketing ploys. . Social media sites are all about customer engagement with beneficial content this point reinforces Mclean (2007) and Tikkanen et al (2009) companies who focus on engagement rather than selling will see success. 9. This supports TIG Globals (2009) point th at social media users will likely be appreciative of hotel marketers updates and more inclined to pass them along to their networks of friends and family, if they feel the updates are authentic and useful.All questions answered had different response rates ranging from 97 to 497. Even though some of the percentages are fairly inconclusive, social media 16 P a g e marketing is a growing trend and it would be interesting to see the results in a years time. 5. 4 Recommendations The dynamic growth and popularity of social media sites has created new opportunities for hotels I have created recommendations to ensure proper usage of social media marketing and eliminate the risks involved for hotels. 6. ConclusionThe purpose of this project was to evaluate social media in hotel marketing this project aims to help hotel marketers assess the key activities involved in social media marketing and evaluate the impact on a hotels marketing strategies and their image. Literature Review The intern et has forced companies to transform themselves to be more interactive, innovative and efficient as the online consumer is more active, demanding and in control if unhappy about a service the hotels reputation can be damaged as negative online information posted is instant and public sharing their opinion with hundreds of thousands of potential customers.The more online consumers communicate with one another, the bolder they feel about challenging marketers and marketing claims. Social media marketing requires participation, interaction and dedication time, commitment and resources are essential for the efficient use of social media marketing it is a highly engaging and innovative marketing method. Engaging and dynamic content can enhance a hotels presence and generate continuous interest it needs to be focused on the consumer, its not what the hotel wants to talk about its about what the consumers want to talk about.If a hotel enhances its social media presence, it can create a buz z around the property and contribute to increased awareness and booking considerations. taste marketers are increasingly using social media to let guests sell their hotels, which is authentic marketing at its best. Findings By analysing the impact of social media marketing through different mediums the research was able to demonstrate the impact of social media marketing. More time was needed to analyse the Facebook campaign and a payable account was needed on PollDaddy to increase the exposure of the polls.Despite the limitations there are a number of important points that came from the research more consumers are accepting companies presence on social media sites like Facebook however consumers prefer personal status updates not 17 P a g e sales pitch statuses. The company profile needs a personality in order for engagement to be fulfilled. Social media is a continual process of evolving, updating and developing hotels should be consistent in regularly usage on social media site s instant information is needed to be given a week is far too long to interact and deliver their message effectively.Hotels should implement weekly analysis of their social media marketing strategies to ensure effective usage. All three marketing managers have positive experiences with social media marketing with Hilton stating social media marketing cant necessarily go wrong. PollDaddy consumers dont mind social media marketing as long as it isnt excessive it shows companies commitment to engagement and interaction however the polls found some people being suspicious of social media marketing and the marketing ploys.Consumers thought that marketers just dont get social media marketing they felt that marketers could make more of the opportunities they have the recommendations may help marketers use social media marketing more effectively. Recommendations have been derived through secondary research for the effective use of social media marketing. A dedicated and committed employee needs designating to monitor and interact on the social media sites.Marketers should establish themselves as likely members of the community and legitimate experts in their field by sharing knowledge and useful links. To Conclude Social media marketing is a fairly new trend marketers should intensify their efforts to develop and expand their social media marketing strate gies to improve their online positioning. There are positives and negatives to any new venture but overall if social media is effectively used the positives out weight the negatives.It is virtually impossible to compete in todays marketplace without a solid internet strategy and hotels need to merge social media marketing into their brand and their marketing plan. Social media will soon be the norm in marketing and marketers need to implement dedication, time and resources to be successful and stay ahead of their competitors most hotels lack the resources required to effectively implement social marketing strategie s so this paper should significantly impact how hotels market on social media sites.Social media marketing is a free marketing tool and if used effectively can be beneficial to the hotel with high returns, however if hotels use social media but not effectively then this can be detrimental to their image online consumers will perceive them as a nuisance and their online reputation will be ruined. Referring back to the questions asked at the start of this paper is it detrimental for a hotel not to use social media sites? and can it be detrimental if social media sites are used but not appropriately? I think it can be both detrimental to a hotel to not use social media, as they are missing out on a mass online market, who will be 18 P a g e discussing their brand whether they are participating or not, however it can also be detrimental if social media is used but not appropriately. By incorporating value, interactivity and engagement hotel marketers could thrive with social media mar keting. Future research from this paper should look into the long term benefits of social media marketing.Some of the percentages were inconclusive from PolDaddy, it would be interesting to see the results in a years time to discover how opinions had changed. 8. Bibliography ARMSTRONG, Steven. (2001) Advertising On The Internet How to Get Your Message crossways On The World Wide Web. 2nd Edition. Wales. Kogan Page. CHEN, Wei, et al (2009) Strategic Management Undergraduate Programme in Service Sector Management. Essex. Pearson Education. DAVIS, John. 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